基于遥感技术的城市景观动态分析与生态环境评价
发布时间:2018-01-17 01:17
本文关键词:基于遥感技术的城市景观动态分析与生态环境评价 出处:《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 遥感技术 景观格局 景观动态分析 生态评价 指标体系
【摘要】:本文旨在研究成都市生态环境变化,着重于城市生态环境评价、土地利用/覆盖变化和景观格局分析。研究结果可为决策者提供科学依据,做好针对城市发展和生态环境之间的整体统筹,保证可持续发展。本文结合遥感技术,通过改进《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T192-2006)推荐的生态环境状况评价指标,构建基于遥感技术的城市生态环境状况评价指标体系,并且评价成都市中心城区(第一绕城高速以内区域)生态环境状况。本文以成都市中心城区(第一绕城高速以内区域)为例,采用监督分类和目视解译修正的分类方法分析了2000年、2004年、2008年和2012年4年的遥感数据,先提取了土地利用覆盖变化信息,并且分析不同时段土地利用覆盖变化的特征,再选取了合理的景观指数,利用景观指数定量分析了各时段土地利用/覆盖格局的特征和景观格局变化的特征,进一步探讨了引起此变化的驱动力因素及生态意义。结果表明:(1)城市发展是研究区域内土地利用/覆盖变化的主要驱动力。城市用地面积从2000年的165.96km2增加到2012年的342.46m2,增加幅度为106.35%。2000年城市建设用地主要集中在三环内,2012年城市建设用地扩张到三环外、第一绕城内区域。相对的,其他类型的区域均有减少,除未利用地外,减幅最大的为水域和耕地,减幅分别达到57.66%、52.59%,大量的水域和耕地变为了城市建设用地。植被也在12年间减少了20.70%。(2)不同时期景观结构特征不同。2000年研究区域主要以农业为主,其中耕地、水域和植被一共占到总面积的65.08%,城市用地占31.52%;耕地虽不是绝对主导,但是仍占有48.68%。2004年,城市用地面积占占44.16%,超过耕地成为优势土地类型。2004年研究区域城市用地开始向三环以外区域扩张。2008年,整个研究区域建设用地面积持续增加,成为主导用地类型,占到总面积的一半以上;耕地面积持续下降,减少幅度仍为10%左右;水域面积减少幅度变缓,而绿色植被有所增加。建设用地斑块开始在三环外区域变得集中,植被分布更加离散,斑块间距变大、连通性低,而城市用地斑块面积明显增大,且融合明显。2012年研究区域的景观格局完全由城市发展主导。(3)生态环境略微变差。在2000年到2012年内,成都市中心城区生态环境状况为一般。2000年到2004年变化最大,主要是由于生物丰度指数和土壤退化指数的减少、人类对于环境扰动变大;但是在后8年由于城市规划越来越合理,使得生物丰度指数降低程度减缓,虽然植被覆盖及水体密度均有减少,但是在中心城区出现了植被覆盖增加、土壤退化减缓的情况,使得在后8年内生态环境无明显变化。(4)合理的城市规划是有效缓解生态环境变差的方法。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the ecological environment change in Chengdu, focusing on urban ecological environment evaluation, land use / cover change and landscape pattern analysis. The results can provide scientific basis for decision makers. Do a good job of urban development and ecological environment between the overall planning to ensure sustainable development. This paper combined with remote sensing technology. The evaluation index of ecological environment condition was recommended by improving the Technical Specification for Eco-environmental condition Assessment (trial) (HJ / T192-2006). The evaluation index system of urban ecological environment condition based on remote sensing technology is constructed. And to evaluate the ecological environment of the central city of Chengdu (within the first high speed around the city). This paper takes the central city of Chengdu (within the first high speed around the city) as an example. The remote sensing data of 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2008 were analyzed by the methods of supervised classification and visual interpretation and correction. Land use and cover change (LUCF) information was first extracted. And analyze the characteristics of land use and cover change in different periods, then select a reasonable landscape index, use landscape index to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of land use / cover pattern and landscape pattern change in different periods. The driving force and ecological significance of the change were further discussed. Urban development is the main driving force of land use / cover change in the study area. The urban land area increased from 165.96 km ~ 2 in 2000 to 342.46 km ~ 2 in 2012. The increase range is 106.35. the urban construction land is mainly concentrated in the third Ring Road in 2000. In 2012, the urban construction land expanded to outside the third Ring Road, the first round city area. Relative. Except unused land, the biggest decrease was in water area and cultivated land, which reached 57.66% and 52.59% respectively. A large amount of water and cultivated land has been converted into urban construction land. Vegetation has been reduced by 20.70 in 12 years. (2) the landscape structure characteristics of different periods are different. In 2000, the main research area was agriculture. The cultivated land, water area and vegetation occupied 65.08% of the total area, and the urban land occupied 31.52% of the total area. Although the cultivated land is not absolutely dominant, it still occupied 48.68% of the total land area in 2004, and the urban land area accounted for 44.16%. In 2004, the urban land began to expand to the region outside the third Ring Road. In 2008, the area of construction land in the whole research area continued to increase, becoming the dominant type of land use. More than half of the total area; The area of cultivated land continued to decrease, and the decrease was still about 10%; The area of water area decreased slowly, while the green vegetation increased. The patch of construction land began to become concentrated in the region outside the three rings, the vegetation distribution became more discrete, the patch spacing became larger, and the connectivity was low. In 2012, the landscape pattern of the study area was completely dominated by urban development. The ecological environment was slightly worse. It was from 2000 to 2012. From 2000 to 2004, the ecological environment in the central urban area of Chengdu changed the most, mainly because of the decrease of bioabundance index and soil degradation index, and the human disturbance to the environment became greater. However, due to more and more rational urban planning in the next 8 years, the decrease of biological abundance index slowed down. Although vegetation cover and water density have been reduced, vegetation cover has increased in the central urban area. In the following eight years, the reasonable urban planning is an effective way to alleviate the deterioration of the ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】:西南交通大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:X826;X87;P901
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