南昌市红谷滩新区居住绿地的生态效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 13:30

  本文关键词：南昌市红谷滩新区居住绿地的生态效应研究　出处：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 城市绿地 居住区 红谷滩新区 生态效应

【摘要】：随着城市经济发展,城市人口的增加和规模的扩张,城市环境受到巨大的威胁和挑战。快速城市化使原有自然下垫面被一些硬质铺砖代替,下垫面性质的改变,加剧了城市内的小气候变化,使得城市热岛效应、城市内涝、雾霾污染等一系列环境问题频发,不仅阻碍了城市经济发展,还影响人们健康安全。已有研究表明,增加居住区绿地面积是改善城市环境的有效方法,居住区绿地在降温增湿、固碳释氧、防洪减灾和滞尘去污等方面有重要的生态调节功能。传统的绿地研究指标,多以二维为主,为了弥补二维绿化指标的不足,出现了以绿化三维量为代表的三维绿量指标。针对绿化三维量的研究,多集中于测算方面,现有的研究以城市大尺度为主,对于居住区小尺度研究较少。本文采用植物地理学、景观生态学等理论知识,并结合实地调查,以南昌市红谷滩新区的三个居住小区为研究对象,对小区内植被种类、绿地类型、群落结构等指标调查,根据每个小区的植被现状,选取20m×20m样方10个,无绿化植被覆盖对比样方1个,于2016年8月到2016年9月,2016年12月到2017年1月期间,分别测定了居住小区样方内植被的温度、湿度、PM_(2.5)浓度和滞尘量等指标,并将绿化三维量与植被降温增湿等指标进行定量分析,分析居住区绿地在不同植被搭配、不同绿化形式下的生态效应的变化,为城市小区绿地生态建设找出最适宜的植被配置,并对未来城市绿地发展提供理论依据。研究结果如下:(1)测量乔木、灌木的冠下高、冠幅,按照树冠形状运用模型公式,可快速计算单棵乔木、灌木绿化三维量。在三个小区所选样方内,乔木层占总绿化三维量的主体,而灌木和草本比例很小,说明绿化三维量主要由样方内乔木层决定。(2)研究发现降温程度、增湿程度与样方内绿化三维量有明显相关性,利用Logistic曲线进行非线性拟合,相关系数Adj.R2均在0.90左右,拟合效果较好,并发现样方内绿化三维量临界值在1000 m3上下时,植物降温增湿基本达到效果,降温增湿幅度趋于稳定。(3)研究发现总绿化三维量较大的小区,降低空气中的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度更明显,但在小范围区域内,空气中的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)与样方内的绿化三维量相关性不明显,并发现不同绿地类型吸收PM_(2.5)能力不同,从强到弱分别是乔-灌-草灌-草草地,外界PM_(2.5)浓度越高,乔-灌-草型绿地的吸收效果越明显,高大乔木受湍流作用和自身蒸腾作用影响,对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)有较好的吸收效果。(4)在居住小区内的主要绿化植被中,紫叶李、桂花、法国冬青等属于滞尘效果较好的植物,柚子树、杜英、香樟树等属于滞尘能力中等植物,而广玉兰、山茶和杨梅属于滞尘能力相对较弱的植物。滞尘能力较好植物通常具有叶片坚硬,叶表粗糙,多绒毛,叶倾角小等特点,并发现植被滞尘量的强弱,不仅与叶倾角、叶表面粗糙程度等植物生长特性有关,还与距离污染源远近,植被养护等外部环境因素有很大关系。
[Abstract]:With the development of city economy, the increase of the city population and the expansion of the scale, city environment is a huge threat and challenge. Rapid city makes the original natural underlying surface by some hard brick instead of the nature of the underlying surface change, exacerbated by climate change in the city, so that urban heat island effect, a series of frequent waterlogging in the city. The environmental problems such as haze pollution, not only hindered the economic development of the city, but also affect people's health and safety. Studies have shown that the increase of green area in residential area is an effective method to improve the city environment, green residential area in the fall of Wen Zengshi, carbon fixation and oxygen release, flood control and disaster reduction and dust decontamination etc. have important ecological functions of traditional. Study on green space index, the two-dimensional, in order to make 2D green index, appeared 3D green quantity index to three-dimensional vegetation quantity as the representative. Study on three-dimensional green quantity And more concentrated in the calculations, the existing research mainly in large scale city, for the small scale residential area. The research of plant geography, landscape ecology theory, combined with field survey, with three residential quarters in Nanchang Honggutan as the research object, the vegetation types, types of green space within the District, investigation the community structure and other indicators, according to the vegetation status in each district, select the 20m * 20m 10 plots, no green vegetation coverage comparison plots 1, from August 2016 to September 2016, December 2016 to January 2017, respectively, measured in the residential district were vegetation temperature, humidity, PM_ (2.5) concentration and amount of dust. And the three-dimensional vegetation quantity and vegetation humidity index for quantitative analysis, the analysis of residential green space in different vegetation collocation, the ecological effect of different forms of greening, green city district To find out the most suitable vegetation ecological construction, and provide theoretical basis for the future development of city green space. The results are as follows: (1) measurement of trees, shrub crown, crown width, crown shape by using the model in accordance with the formula, can quickly calculate the single tree, shrub three-dimensional vegetation quantity in the area of three. The sampling within the party the dominant tree layer, the total three-dimensional vegetation quantity, and shrub and herb proportion is very small, that three-dimensional vegetation quantity is mainly determined by the quadrat in tree layer. (2) study found that the degree of humidification and cooling, were significantly associated with three-dimensional vegetation quantity, nonlinear fitting using the Logistic curve, the correlation coefficient Adj.R2 were in 0.90, the fitting effect is good, and found that the plot of three-dimensional vegetation quantity critical value at 1000 m3 when the plant basically reached the cooling and humidifying effect, cooling and humidification rate tends to be stable. (3) found that the total large dimension vegetationquantity 鐨勫皬鍖，

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