矿山地质灾害区的生态恢复治理研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 15:47

本文关键词： 生态恢复治理土地复垦景观再生　出处：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：这些年来,随着矿山资源的开发,不可避免的对当地的土地、植被、空气和水文等生态环境造成了破坏,产生了大量的固体废弃物堆积、地裂缝、地面沉陷区等矿山地质灾害区。在党中央大力推进生态文明建设的过程中,开展矿山地质灾害区的生态恢复治理研究,对于改善矿区的生态环境、提高我国土地的综合利用率、缓解人地紧张矛盾具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文首先对目前的矿山地质灾害区的生态破坏情况进行了概括性的述评,比较了国内外的矿山地质灾害区的土地复垦及景观再生的水平差异;其次介绍了矿山生态恢复治理的相关理论及应用研究,包括系统学、恢复生态学、环境库兹涅茨理论等。在论文的主干部分,对现有的矿山地质灾害区的生态环境问题进行了分析研究,并就目前的治理难点进行了剖析,主要是治理方式的选择和体制机制的保障问题,同时也是为后文做了铺垫。接着重点比较了土地复垦和景观再生两种生态恢复治理模式。在土地复垦模式分析中,以山西平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例,运用层次分析方法,对矿山地质灾害区的土地生态恢复方法进行了适宜性评价,将矿区生态恢复划分为宜农、宜园、宜林、宜牧四个方向,依据评价结果最终确立为农耕方向接着介绍了复垦的实现路径,大体上分为了土地平整、土壤质地的改善和恢复动植物三个步骤;在景观再生方式分析中,先介绍了相关的景观再生理念,然后重点结合大同晋华宫矿案例,运用SWOT分析阐述了其景观再生的历史契机。两种不同的治理方式在选取中有不同的适用对象,在实际治理当中应根据矿山地质区的具体条件有针对的性的进行比较、衡量和选择。在耕作较为传统、经济发展方式单一、且景观较为贫乏的地区可以积极的进行土地复垦,且复垦方向以农用地优先,在增加经济收入的同时来恢复生态;在一些能源转型、景观较为丰富、人民生活需求多元化的地区可以以景观再生为主,在恢复生态的同时开辟新的旅游休闲区域。当然在实行的过程中,也要注意技术手段的运用和配套设施的完善。最后,从管理体制机制及法律的角度来对矿山地质灾害区的生态恢复方法进行了详细分析。提出了实现生态治理体制现代化,需要我们在学习国际先进的治理理念和体制机制的基础之上,结合我国的具体国情,在中国共产党的领导下,加强生态治理的顶层设置,明确管理机构的职能,实行良好的决策机制和投融资机制,在政府主导的前提下,充分发挥社会各界力量,构筑社会合力,使矿山地质灾害区的生态治理取得突破性进展。
[Abstract]:Over the years, with the development of mine resources, the ecological environment of local land, vegetation, air and hydrology has inevitably been destroyed, resulting in a large amount of solid waste accumulation and ground cracks. In the course of the Party Central Committee vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization, the study of ecological restoration and management of mine geological hazard areas will improve the ecological environment of mining areas and increase the comprehensive utilization rate of land in China. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to alleviate the tension between man and land. Firstly, this paper makes a general review of the ecological damage in the present geological hazard areas of mines. This paper compares the difference of land reclamation and landscape regeneration in mine geological hazard areas at home and abroad, and then introduces the related theories and applied research of mine ecological restoration and management, including systematics, restoration ecology, and so on. The environmental Kuznets theory and so on. In the main part of the paper, the ecological environment problems in the existing mine geological hazard area are analyzed, and the present difficulties in the management are analyzed. It is mainly about the choice of governance mode and the guarantee of system and mechanism, and it also lays the groundwork for the following articles. Secondly, the paper compares two ecological restoration modes of land reclamation and landscape regeneration. In the analysis of land reclamation model, Taking Antaibao opencast coal mine in Pingshuo, Shanxi province as an example, the suitability of land ecological restoration method in mine geological hazard area is evaluated by using the method of analytic hierarchy process. The ecological restoration of mining area is divided into four directions: suitable for agriculture, garden, forest and animal husbandry. According to the result of evaluation, the way of reclamation is introduced, which is divided into three steps: land leveling, soil texture improvement and restoration of plants and animals. This paper first introduces the related concept of landscape regeneration, then focuses on the case of Datong Jinhuagong Mine, and expounds the historical opportunity of its landscape regeneration by using SWOT analysis. The two different governance methods have different applicable objects in the selection. In the actual management, we should compare, measure and choose according to the specific conditions of the mine geological area. In areas where farming is more traditional, economic development is single, and the landscape is relatively poor, land reclamation can be actively carried out. Moreover, the reclaimed land is given priority to agricultural land, while increasing economic income to restore ecology. In some areas with abundant energy resources, rich landscape and diversified people's living needs, landscape regeneration can be given priority to. While restoring ecology, we should open up new tourism and leisure areas. Of course, in the process of implementation, we should also pay attention to the use of technical means and the perfection of supporting facilities. Finally, From the point of view of management system, mechanism and law, the ecological restoration method of mine geological hazard area is analyzed in detail, and the modernization of ecological control system is put forward. On the basis of studying advanced international governance concepts and institutional mechanisms, and in the light of the specific conditions of our country, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, we need to strengthen the establishment of the top level of ecological governance and clarify the functions of the management organs. Under the premise of government leading, the good decision-making mechanism and investment and financing mechanism should be implemented to give full play to the social forces from all walks of life, to build the social joint forces, and to make a breakthrough progress in the ecological management of mine geological hazard areas.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.4

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