苏南地区明末至民国传统民居建筑装饰研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 14:16

本文关键词： 苏南传统民居建筑装饰风格嬗变空间意象意境建构　出处：《江南大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文将苏南地区传统民居建筑装饰作为一个整体对象,通过深入的实地考察调研和文献资料分析,从设计学、建构文化等视角展开研究,探索苏南地区明末至民国期间传统民居建筑装饰的生成机制、类型特征、空间属性、风格嬗变和意境营造,揭示其精神内涵、设计理念与设计方法。对苏南传统民居建筑装饰的自然条件及人文语境展开分析。苏南地区的自然环境和资源、明清时期的社会变革、经济的发展繁荣、工匠制度的流变、市民工商阶层的崛起、文人士大夫的独立精神与隐逸情趣以及相关艺术的蓬勃发展等因素共同孕育了苏南民居建筑装饰的杰出成就和鲜明特征。厘清集木雕、砖雕、石雕、彩画于一体的苏南民居装饰体系,从载体、工艺等角度归纳其艺术特色。依据装饰与建筑结构的不同关系,将苏南传统民居建筑装饰分为“结构性装饰”与“附加性装饰”两大类型。结构性装饰在保证结构功能的前提下对建筑构件本体进行适度的工艺处理,具有程式化、有机性、适宜性和整体性等特点。附加性装饰则更注重视觉形式和象征意义的表达,更加具有相对独立于建筑结构本体的艺术审美价值。系统解析了苏南传统民居建筑装饰的精神内涵与图式结构。从“崇文尚教与文人符号”、“教化图本与世俗风貌”、“吉祥寓意与宗教信仰”三个方面对其题材进行分类解析并归纳出四大类典型的构成图式。总结出向心式、截景式、长卷式、散点式等典型图式所遵循的吸附聚合、以小观大、有序铺陈以及适形同构等基本构成规律。从“秩序”和“虚实”两个认知维度扩充了民居装饰的空间属性。根据民居空间的功能逻辑和等级差异,建筑装饰建立视觉形式、象征语义与秩序空间之间的对应关系,从而体现价值观念和强化等级秩序。阐明建筑装饰通过“创建空间层次”、“营造复合空间”等途径生成虚实空间,拓展民居空间的内涵和外延。对苏南传统民居建筑装饰风格进行分期和断代。将其发展演变划分为“发育期(明末至顺治)”、“定型期(康熙至嘉庆)”以及“变革期(嘉庆晚期至民国)”三个时期。结合社会思潮与价值取向的流变,对“经世致用与尚雅摈俗”、“崇情尚美与工巧繁丽”、“因循固化与中西交融”三种风格特征展开背景分析与成因总结。深入探究了民居装饰语言与生活观念的互动机制,提出包括情境、画境、诗境在内的民居建筑装饰意境的建构体系。探明苏南民居建筑装饰建构情感体验、图式审美和诗意境界的具体途径,即指向“情境建构”的清晰体现宗法伦理意识的儒家情怀、雅致清逸的文人情趣以及直抒胸臆的世俗情韵;指向“画境建构”的经营位置、随类赋彩和传移模写;指向“诗境建构”的虚实相济与境生象外、文本指引与点题立意以及托物言志与闲情偶寄。三位一体的装饰意境建构促成了苏南民居建筑的空间体验由形式审美向精神境界的跃升。
[Abstract]:The traditional residential architectural area of South of Jiangsu as a whole object, through in-depth investigation and analysis of literature, from the design, research from the perspective of cultural construction, to explore the South of Jiangsu region in the late Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China during the generation mechanism of decoration in traditional residences type characteristics, spatial attribute, style evolution and artistic conception. Reveals the spiritual connotation, design concepts and design methods. To analyze the residential architectural tradition of South of Jiangsu natural conditions and cultural context. The South of Jiangsu area of the natural environment and resources, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, social change, economic development and prosperity, the rise of the public system of rheological craftsmen, industrial and commercial sectors, the vigorous development of factors such as the spirit of independence and seclusion taste of literati and art create outstanding achievements of South of Jiangsu residential building decoration and distinctive features. To clarify the set of wood carvings, brick carvings, Stone, from South of Jiangsu residential decorative painting carrier system, in one process, concludes its artistic characteristics. According to the different relationship between decoration and building structure, the decoration of houses in South of Jiangsu are divided into "traditional structural decoration" and "additional decoration". The two types of structural decoration in the guarantee function of building structure the component body process with moderate, stylized, organic, suitability and holistic features. Additional decoration is more emphasis on the expression of visual form and symbolic significance, is more independent of the structure of body art and aesthetic value. The system analysis of the residential architectural tradition of South of Jiangsu spirit connotation and schema structure. From the "Chongwen is the literati and the symbol", "enlightenment picture and secular character", "classification and analysis to its theme three aspects of auspicious and religion" This paper summarizes four typical composition schema. Summed up the centripetal, scroll section type, type, type and other typical adsorption scatter schema followed by polymerization, small view, orderly and elaborate conformal isomorphism basic law. From the "order" and "actual" two cognitive dimension expansion the spatial attribute of residential decoration. According to the function of residential space logic and the level difference, building decoration building visual form, the relationship between semantic and symbolic order space, which reflects the values and strengthen the level order. Clarify the architectural decoration by "building space level", "how to build a composite space" the formation of virtual space, connotation and the extension of the development of residential space. The staging and dating of the decorative style of traditional dwellings in South of Jiangsu. Its development is divided into "development period (from the late Ming Dynasty to the Shunzhi)", "period (Kangxi to Jia Qing)" And the revolution period (late Jiaqing to the Republic of China) "three periods. Combined with the rheological trends of social thought and value orientation, the" practical and elegant to vulgar "," the high feeling of beauty and exquisite Magnificence "," analysis and summary of background for three features following solidification and the blend of Chinese and Western style deeply. To explore the interaction mechanism of residential decoration language and the concept of life, including the situation, poetry, painting, architecture decoration of houses. The conception of the proven South of Jiangsu residential architectural construction of emotional experience, specific ways of schema aesthetic and poetic realm, that is to "construct the situation" clearly reflect the patriarchal ethical consciousness of Confucian feelings. The literati taste elegant Seiitsu and secular sentiment towards the "straight from the heart; painting construction" operating position, and with the type of color shift mode; pointing to "poetic construction" and combining with the condition Text, guidance and topic conception and "xianqingouji. Decorative and artistic conception construction of three-in-one contributed to the experience of South of Jiangsu residential building space form to the aesthetic realm of spirit jumped.

【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5

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