南宫山地质公园火山岩地质遗迹特征、演化及保护研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 01:06

  本文选题：南宫山　切入点：火山岩　出处：《长安大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自二十一世纪以来,随着科学旅游热的兴起,地学旅游蔚然成风,一大批以服务于科学观光与科普教育的地质公园也应运而生,有力地推动了全国范围内众多珍贵地质遗迹的科学研究与保护。而火山岩地质遗迹作为其中的重要组成,自然也成为众多学者研究的对象,然而针对火山岩地质遗迹形成机制与演化模式的系统性研究仍然十分缺乏,现有研究多从物质基础或构造条件等单因素出发,缺乏对其形成的综合要素的深入探讨,尚未出现较为成熟的系统性研究方法。本文选取南宫山地质公园的火山岩地质遗迹作为研究对象,利用已有资料及野外调查数据,深入剖析了形成南宫山火山岩地质遗迹的自然地理条件、区域地质背景、岩石学及地球化学特征。同时以地质遗迹类型研究的最新理论为参考,划分了南宫山火山岩地质遗迹类型,并对其进行了详细评价。通过分析南宫山地区的古火山活动机制、隆升剥蚀特征、构造活动情况、基础物质条件与表生地质作用,对南宫山火山岩地质遗迹的形成与演化进行了系统研究。并着重对南宫山火山岩崩塌类地质遗迹的形成机制、发育阶段与演化模式提出了新的观点和认识。(1)总结了南宫山地质公园范围内的火山岩地质遗迹类型,可划分为火山岩崩塌类与火山岩石类两大类,以及四亚类与十五型。通过评价分析,火山岩崩塌类地质遗迹普遍评分较高,是地质公园最核心的地质遗迹类型。(2)系统分析了南宫山火山岩崩塌类地质遗迹的形成机制。得出了该类地质遗迹主要受构造背景、物质基础、新构造运动、外动力地质作用以及地形地貌等多种因素控制。其中,二元性地层结构与45°的高陡边坡地形是其形成的基础条件;喜山期的地壳阶段性抬升和流水侵蚀、融冻等表生地质作用分别在其形成中发挥了重要的控制作用与改造作用;而成岩后的构造变动才是其形成的根本性因素。(3)提出了火山岩崩塌类地质遗迹经历了抬升、解体、崩离、垮落、堆积及滑坡六个发育阶段。在此基础上,归纳了火山岩崩塌类地质遗迹的演化模式。总结出五种形成演化的组合序列,通过实地调查,发现最普遍的组合序列为“火山石体→火山岩石丛→火山岩石嶂→火山岩石林→二次火山岩石丛”。反映了本地区的节理发育与钙质胶结物含量的特殊性,并体现出侵蚀方式的多旋回特征。(4)南宫山火山岩石类地质遗迹是大陆边缘裂谷的产物,形成于早志留世中、晚期。岩浆通过上溢乡东北方向的古火山机构以夏威夷一斯特朗博利型喷出,逐渐固结成岩后,在经历了早白垩世中晚期的快速隆升和晚白垩世—中新世的缓慢隆升,通过晚期构造运动的叠加最终形成。(5)南宫山火山岩石类地质遗迹的演化过程可大致划分为五个阶段:中新元古代褶皱基底形成及大陆边缘裂解→晚震旦世—志留纪被动大陆边缘裂陷盆地演化→华力西—燕山期拆离、推覆、走滑变形演化→喜山期断块升降再造→第四纪外动力地质作用改造。(6)野外勘察发现南宫山地区共有中、小型地质灾害点十七处,主要为不稳定性滑坡,而危岩崩塌与泥石流灾害较少。针对威胁南宫山地质遗迹的灾害隐患,提出了分级划设地质遗迹保护区与EBG策略(即控制公园环境容量与建筑容量,并建立地质遗迹景观数据库)。南宫山火山地质遗迹是多种内应力与外应力综合作用下的结果,对它的形成与演化的正确认知是发挥地质遗迹科学价值与观赏价值的根本保证,更是未来合理保护与恰当利用的基础。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, with the development of science and tourism, geological tourism has a large number of services in the science of tourism and science education Geopark have emerged, a strong impetus to the scientific research and the protection of the country within the scope of numerous precious geological relics and geological relics. As an important part of the volcano rock, naturally become the object many scholars, however, according to the systematic research on the geological relics volcano rock formation mechanism and evolution model of the lack of existing research from multiple single factor material basis or structural conditions, the lack of a comprehensive in-depth study on the formation of the elements, has not yet appeared a systematic study on the mature methods. This paper selects the Nangong volcano the rock mountain Geopark geological heritage as the research object, using the existing data and field survey data, in-depth analysis of the formation of the Nangong mountain volcano The natural geographical conditions of rock geological relics, geological background, petrology and geochemical characteristics. At the same time with the latest theoretical research of geological relics types as a reference, the division of geological heritages in Nangong mountain volcano rock type, and carries on the detailed evaluation. Through the analysis of Nangong mountain area of the ancient volcano activity mechanism, uplift and erosion characteristics tectonic activities, material conditions, foundation and supergene geological processes, the formation and evolution of Nangong mountain volcano rock geological relics were studied. And focuses on the formation mechanism of Nangong volcano mountain rockfall collapse geological heritage, development stages and evolution model put forward new ideas and knowledge. (1) concluded in Nangong mountain Geopark geological heritage within the scope of the volcano rock type, can be divided into the volcano collapse and rockfall volcano rock type two categories, and four sub categories and fifteen types. Through evaluation and analysis, the collapse of the terrestrial volcano collapse Quality is the most common sites were higher, the core of the Geopark geological heritage types. (2) analyzed the formation mechanism of Nangong volcano mountain rockfall collapse geological heritage. The geological heritage is mainly affected by the tectonic background, material foundation, neotectonic movement, geologic control and topography and other factors the terrain of high and steep slope of two yuan of strata structure and 45 degrees is the basis of its formation conditions; Himalayan crustal uplift stage and water erosion, freeze-thaw and supergene geological role in its formation play an important role in the control and modification; and structural changes in the rock is the fundamental factor of its formation. (3) proposed the volcano rockfall geological heritage collapse experienced uplift, collapse, collapse, collapse, landslide accumulation and six stages of development. On this basis, summed up the volcano geological heritage of rockfall collapse Model. Summarize five kinds of formation sequence evolution, through on-the-spot investigation, found that the most common sequence as "volcano rock, rock, rock volcano volcano volcano, Zhang Cong Rock Forest, two volcano rock series". This reflects the special nature of the joint development area and calcium content of cement. And reflect the multicycle characteristics of erosion mode. (4) the Nangong mountain volcano rock geological heritage is a product of continental margin rift, formed in the Early Silurian, the late magma. Through the Northeast Xiang overflow paleo volcano in Hawaii, Lambeau interest ejected, gradually consolidated into rocks, in experience the rapid uplift during the early Cretaceous Miocene rise and slow uplift of Late Cretaceous in the rise, through the superposition of tectonic movement in late formed. (5) the evolution of Nangong mountain volcano rock geological relics can be roughly divided into five stages A: in the Neoproterozoic continental margin fold basement formation and cracking, late Sinian Shiru Ki passive continental margin rift basin, Yanshan detachment Variscan period, nappe, slip deformation and evolution of the Himalayan block reconstruction, Quaternary geological transformation of lifting outside power. (6) the field survey found that Nangong mountain in total, small geological disaster point seventeen, mainly for the instability of landslide, collapse and debris flow and less. For the threat of geological relics in Nangong mountain disaster, proposed the designation of the geological relics protection zone and EBG strategy (i.e., control the park environmental capacity and building capacity, and the establishment of geological relics database). Nangong mountain volcano geological relics are a variety of stress and stress under the effect of the correct understanding of the formation and evolution of the geological relics is to play the scientific value and ornamental value The fundamental guarantee is the basis for the rational protection and proper use of the future.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P588.14;P942
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本文编号：1572654