基于GIS技术的宁国市生态地质环境评价

发布时间：2018-03-07 05:17

本文选题：生态地质地质环境评价　切入点：层次分析法　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态地质环境作为人类生存的重要环境其质量高低直接影响人类生存状况的优劣,随着人类经济水平的提高,地质灾害、环境污染、水土流失、生物多样性锐减等问题不断加剧。科学评价生态地质环境,有利于客观掌握生态地质环境质量水平,便于决策者平衡经济发展与生态地质环境保护的关系,合理规划生态地质环境保护与恢复策略。本研究采用定性与定量化相结合的办法对宁国市生态地质环境进行评价,构建岩石圈、大气圈、水圈、生物圈、人类活动程度为Ⅰ级指标的评价指标体系,建立GIS地理空间数据库,采用层次分析法与线性加权组合模型确定各指标权重,依据分级标准对宁国市生态地质环境进行评价分区。研究结果将宁国市生态地质环境分为优、良好、中等、一般四个区域,并对各区内生态地质环境条件予以分析。生态地质环境诸多问题中景观破碎化已成为备受关注的问题之一。城市、道路建设、农耕等人为活动是导致景观破碎的主要因素,严重威胁景观连通性,定量化分析景观破碎程度对于生态规划与保护具有重要意义。研究采用CBC算法计算的meff指数,基于GIS技术,以宁国市、乡镇、1km2格网三种不同空间尺度区域为报告单元,选取城市建设区域、道路、农田、采矿区、采伐区、水体六类景观破碎因子组成景观破碎几何量度,研究宁国市景观破碎空间分布特征。研究结果表明:基于三种报告单元的meff值变化范围为0~422.92km2;宁国市景观破碎空间分布特征明显,破碎程度较重区域空间上呈“人”字形分布,城区破碎化水平最高,市域西北部、南部部分地区破碎程度相对较轻。基于宁国市生态地质环境研究所得分区结果,采用meff指数,计算各分区内景观破碎程度,探索性研究生态地质环境质量与景观破碎程度是否存在相关性。结果表明:研究区内生态地质环境质量的优劣与景观破碎化程度存在一定相关性,即生态地质环境质量越好,景观破碎化程度越轻。
[Abstract]:As an important environment for human survival, ecological geological environment has a direct impact on the quality of human survival. With the improvement of human economic level, geological disasters, environmental pollution, soil erosion, The scientific evaluation of ecological geological environment is beneficial to grasp the quality level of ecological geological environment objectively and to balance the relationship between economic development and ecological geological environment protection. In this study, the ecological geological environment of Ningguo city was evaluated by the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere were constructed. The degree of human activity is the index system of grade I index, the GIS geospatial database is established, and the weight of each index is determined by the combination model of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and linear weighted method (LWM). The ecological geological environment of Ningguo city is divided into four regions: excellent, good, medium and general, according to the classification standard. The landscape fragmentation has become one of the most concerned problems in the ecological geological environment. Artificial activities such as city, road construction and farming are the main factors leading to landscape fragmentation. The landscape connectivity is seriously threatened and the quantitative analysis of landscape fragmentation is of great significance for ecological planning and conservation. Based on GIS technology, the meff index calculated by CBC algorithm is studied in Ningguo city. Three different spatial scale areas of 1 km ~ 2 grid were selected as reporting units. Six landscape fragmentation factors, including urban construction area, road, farmland, mining area, mining area and water body, were selected to measure landscape fragmentation geometry. The characteristics of landscape fragmentation spatial distribution in Ningguo city were studied. The results showed that the range of meff value based on three reporting units was 0 ~ 422.92 km ~ (2), the spatial distribution characteristics of landscape fragmentation in Ningguo city were obvious, and the spatial distribution of landscape fragmentation in Ningguo city was "human" zigzag. The fragmentation level of urban area is the highest, and the degree of fragmentation is relatively light in northwestern and southern parts of the city. Based on the results of ecological geological environment research of Ningguo city, the degree of landscape fragmentation in each district is calculated by using meff index. The results show that there is a certain correlation between the quality of eco-geological environment and the degree of landscape fragmentation, that is, the better the quality of eco-geological environment, the better the degree of landscape fragmentation. The degree of landscape fragmentation is lighter.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208;X141

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