城市景观水体氮磷污染负荷来源解析

发布时间：2018-03-09 11:33

本文选题：富营养化　切入点：降雨径流　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平提高,城市生态环境建设受到越来越多的重视,城市景观水体已经成为城市的重要组成部分,它不仅能美化城市环境,形成特色水域景观,而且能为城市提供了良好的生态氧源和空气湿度,对调蓄降水、补充地下水源、降低城市热岛效应、增强灾害应变能力等起到了重要作用。由于城市景观水体大多为封闭的水体,水流缓慢,水体自净能力弱,一旦水体中氮磷等营养盐超标,很容易引起景观水体富营养化。在点源污染得到控制的情况下,暴雨径流污染和内源释放污染已经成为城市景观水体氮磷等营养盐的主要来源,人们对景观水体氮磷营养盐污染负荷主要集中在定性研究方面,在定量解析方面研究相对较少,径流及内源污染负荷对水体富营养化的贡献率缺乏足够的数据分析支撑。本文依托中国和新加坡合作开发的生态环保示范工程中新生态城,以生态城景观水系为研究对象,分析了城市景观水体中所含的氮磷污染物负荷来源,并主要从暴雨径流和内源污染来源方面研究其氮磷含量超标的原因。在分析非点源污染、内源污染与释放等国内外研究基础上,对中新生态城水环境进行富营养化营养盐负荷解析,探索控制生态城水系富营养化的措施。主要研究内容包括:非点源污染模型的结构和特点、常见的非点源污染模型研究;利用降雨径流模型,模拟了2014年5月10日的天津中新生态城生态核区雨水径流中的氮磷污染物的变化规律,计算年径流污染总量;建立中新生态城区域降雨径流模拟模型,模型模拟生态城区域径流污染负荷,采用平均事件浓度计算生态城除生态核区外的其他区域的污染物负荷,并计算出该场降雨中各种污染物的总量;开展水体氮磷内源释放规律研究,运用实验室静态释放模拟底泥释放量,针对不同的季节,分别进行模拟,估算生态城水系年内源氮磷释放量。得出以下结论:(1)本文选用的累积-冲刷模型能较好的反映径流雨水水质氮磷污染物的变化规律,预测浓度与实测的最大误差低于20%,模拟结果较好。(2)生态城区域年径流污染量占水体氮磷污染总量约为:氨氮:60%~61%;TN:28.5%~29.5%;TP:31%~32.3%。(3)生态城水体季节内源释放总量占水体氨氮污染量分别为:氨氮:0.053%~0.059%;TN:0.052%~0.056%;TP:0.104%~0.112%。(4)生态城水系TN和TP指标超标严重。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, more and more attention has been paid to the construction of urban ecological environment. The urban landscape water body has become an important part of the city. It can not only beautify the urban environment, but also form the characteristic water landscape. Moreover, it can provide good ecological oxygen sources and air humidity for cities, regulate precipitation, replenish underground water sources, and reduce the urban heat island effect. Because most of the urban landscape water bodies are closed, the water flow is slow, and the self-purification ability of the water body is weak, once the nutrient salt such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body exceeds the standard, It is easy to cause eutrophication of landscape water bodies. When point source pollution is controlled, rainstorm runoff pollution and endogenous release pollution have become the main sources of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in urban landscape water bodies. The pollution load of nitrogen and phosphorus in landscape water is mainly focused on qualitative research, but less on quantitative analysis. The contribution rate of runoff and endogenous pollution load to eutrophication of water body is lack of sufficient data analysis support. Based on the ecological environmental protection demonstration project developed jointly by China and Singapore, this paper takes the landscape water system of ecological city as the research object. The sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants loading in urban landscape water are analyzed, and the causes of nitrogen and phosphorus content exceeding the standard are studied mainly from the aspects of rainstorm runoff and internal pollution sources, and the non-point source pollution is analyzed. On the basis of domestic and foreign studies on endogenous pollution and release, the eutrophication and nutrient load analysis of the water environment of Zhongxin ecological city was carried out. The main research contents include: structure and characteristics of non-point source pollution model, research on common non-point source pollution model, use of rainfall runoff model, In May 10th 2014, the variation law of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in Rain Water's runoff was simulated, the total amount of runoff pollution was calculated, and the simulation model of rainfall runoff in Zhongxin ecological city was established. The model simulates the runoff pollution load in the ecological city area, calculates the pollutant load in other areas except the ecological core area by the average event concentration, and calculates the total amount of various pollutants in the rainfall. The internal release of nitrogen and phosphorus in water was studied. The static release of sediment was simulated in laboratory, and the simulation was carried out in different seasons. Estimating the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus released from the water system of Eco-city in the year. The following conclusion is drawn: (1) the accumulation-scour model selected in this paper can better reflect the change rule of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in runoff Rain Water water quality. The maximum error between predicted concentration and measured value is less than 20. The simulation results are good. 2) the annual runoff pollution in Eco-city area accounts for the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in water body. The total amount of annual runoff pollution is about: ammonia nitrogen: 61g / kg TN2850.29.5% TP: 31R 32.33.0.The total amount of internal release of water body in the ecological city accounts for the total amount of ammonia nitrogen pollution in the water body during the season. The TN and TP indexes of the water system of the ecological city are seriously exceeded by the indexes of TN and TP in the water system of the ecological city, which is 0.059 and 0.059, and that of the TN: 0.052 is 0.056 and that of the water system of the ecological city is 0.056, and that of the water system of the ecological city is 0.104 and 0.112.12.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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