锡林浩特市煤炭露采对草原景观格局及生态系统服务价值影响的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 14:20

本文选题：3S技术　切入点：土地利用变化　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：煤炭开采,特别是露天开采,不可避免地会对土地利用、景观格局和生态系统服务产生影响。为了解这些方面的变化情况、探讨其趋势,本研究以锡林浩特市为研究区域,在对锡林浩特市的自然、社会经济、生态系统时空变化进行分析的基础上,对2005、2007、2009、2011、2013和2015六期遥感影像进行处理,并采用监督分类和人机交互的方法进行解译,把研究区土地利用类型分为七类,即露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地、农田、城区和草地。整体分类精度分别为97.72%、97.31%、98.43%、96.69%、97.06%和96.73%,Kappa系数分别为0.95、0.93、0.97、0.91、0.90和0.95。LUCC分析表明,露采煤炭区土地扰动剧烈:在2005~2015年间,草地持续减少,其面积减少8661.15 hm2;采矿作业区(露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地)面积和比例不断增加。土地利用变化转移矩阵表明,排土场对采矿扰动影响最大,排土场的有效复垦将减轻生态环境的破坏程度,对保护脆弱的草原生态系统具有重要意义。本研究计算了CA、PLAND、NP、PD、LPI、ENN、LSI和IJI八个景观指数,结果表明景观破碎化程度加剧,人类活动对景观的影响主要体现在矿区面积和城市面积的扩大。草原露天煤炭开发区LUCC的遥感监测可以准确反映矿区土地利用变化的动态过程和发展趋势,为矿区生态重建提供科学支持。生态系统服务价值估算结果表明研究区生态系统服务价值下降明显,生态系统服务功能的流失日益显著。研究区的生态系统服务价值从2005年的6647.22万元降至2015年的4996.73万元,比2005年下降了24.83%,平均每年下降150余万元。草地为生态系统服务价值做出的贡献最高,采矿作业区(露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地)及城市建设用地则做负贡献,并且逐年增大。人为的开采活动和城市扩张是造成研究区的土地利用变化、景观格局的变动及生态系统服务价值降低的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Coal mining, especially open-pit mining, will inevitably have an impact on land use, landscape patterns and ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of natural, socio-economic and ecological systems in Xilinhot, the remote sensing images of the six issues of 2009 / 2011 / 2013 and 2015 were processed and interpreted by means of supervised classification and human-computer interaction. The types of land use in the study area are divided into seven categories, namely, open-pit stope, stripping area, dump, mining industry site, farmland, urban area and grassland. The overall classification accuracy is 97.72% and 97.439.699.699.06%, respectively, and the Kappa coefficient of 96.73kappa is 0.950.30.970.910.90 and 0.95.LUCC, respectively. The land disturbance in the open-pit coal mining area is severe: during the period of 2005 and 2015, the grassland decreased continuously, its area decreased by 8661.15 hm2.The mining operation area (open pit, stripping area, dump site, etc.). The land use change transfer matrix shows that the dump has the greatest influence on the mining disturbance, and the effective reclamation of the dump will reduce the damage degree of ecological environment. It is of great significance to protect the fragile grassland ecosystem. In this study, the eight landscape indices of IJI and IJI were calculated. The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation was increasing. The impact of human activities on the landscape is mainly reflected in the expansion of mining area and urban area. The remote sensing monitoring of LUCC can accurately reflect the dynamic process and development trend of land use change in mining area. The results showed that the value of ecosystem services in the study area decreased obviously. The value of ecosystem services decreased from sixty-six million four hundred and seventy-two thousand and two hundred yuan in 2005 to forty-nine million nine hundred and sixty-seven thousand and three hundred yuan in 2015. Compared with 2005, grassland contributes the highest value to ecosystem services, while mining areas (open pit, stripping area, dump site, mine industrial site) and urban construction land make negative contributions. Artificial exploitation and urban expansion are the main reasons for the change of land use, landscape pattern and ecosystem service value in the study area.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X82;P901

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