汉语新诗的计量研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 05:39

本文选题：计量语言学　切入点：新诗　出处：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以散文、近体诗、现当代翻译诗歌、现当代台湾诗歌为参照,比较现代汉语新诗与这四类文本之间的异同,以此探索新诗的文体特征,并获得了一些能够说明新诗文体特征的试验数据与结论。具体而言,本文选用"n元"、高频词、词汇丰富度、黄金分割等计量指标,使用多维分析、相关分析、回归分析等数理统计方法,考察了文本音位和词这两个语言单位的秩序、频率以及概率等参数上的计量特征。本文的音位分析主要考察了除散文以外各种诗歌文本的押韵特征。分析结果显示,同近体诗相比,新诗文本对押韵这种传统诗歌美学手段的重视程度已经明显减弱;不同时期的新诗文本对押韵的重视程度体现出两个明显的阶段——从初期白话新诗到四十年代新诗,这种重视程度逐渐降低,五十至七十年代的新诗对于押韵的重视程度却明显高于四十年代新诗;然而,随着新诗的发展,这种重视程度又呈现出递减的趋势。在整个新诗的发展过程当中,台湾诗与四十年代、八十年代的新诗在使用押韵的特点上较为相似,译诗与新诗之间则表现出较为复杂的对应情况。但是,无论台湾诗还是译诗,这二者与新诗在押韵上所体现出来的对应性刚好体现了新诗发展过程中的历史特征,同时也说明了他们同为现当代诗歌的文本共性。本文的词语分析主要考察了所选五类文本中词语、词类、名词修饰语等在各自秩序、频次、概率等参数上的计量特征。其中,高频词的考察结果显示出,近体诗以描述"自然景观"为主,散文的描述对象呈现出多样化的特征,新诗的高频词则表现得比较复杂,各时期的高频词都有各时期的特点。通过单现词比例、词频TTR以及"a指数"计算得到词汇丰富度结果均显示出,近体诗文本的词汇丰富度明显高于新诗文本,散文文本的词汇丰富度则明显低于新诗文本。词语频率和词类频率的分布特征显示出,散文文本表现出较强的"自组织性"与异质性,近体诗文本则表现出较强的人为控制力。新诗文本介乎二者之间——大部分新诗表现出了一定的"自组织性",但是绝大部分新诗表现出了较强的同质性。词类频次和名词修饰语频次的分析结果显示,散文文本安排各种词类以及名词修饰语的方式明显与新诗文本不同,近体诗与新诗文本在这两方面也表现出较为明显的差异。在所有关于文本词语的计量试验分析中,台湾诗、译诗与新诗之间的相异程度并不明显,而且它们还分别与某些时期的新诗表现出较强的相似性,充分体现了同为现当代诗歌的个性与共性。本文的分析说明,新诗、近体诗、散文是三种独立的文体,三者之间有较为明显的文体差异。新诗、台湾诗、译诗不存在明显的文体差异,但表现出不同时间、不同地域、不同写作主体的细节差异。总之,本文的研究从一定程度上解决了新诗的文体定位问题,体现出计量语言学方法在新诗研究过程中的适用性和可行性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, prose, poetry, modern poetry translation, contemporary Taiwan poetry, the similarities and differences between modern Chinese poetry and the four kinds of text, in order to explore the stylistic features of modern poetry, and obtained some experimental data to explain the stylistic features of poetry and conclusion. Specifically, this paper selects n, high frequency word, lexical richness, golden section measurement index, using multidimensional analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other statistical methods, this text examines the phoneme and word two language units in order to measure the characteristic frequency and probability parameters. This paper mainly studies the analysis of phonemes in rhyme prose features all kinds of poems the analysis results show that, compared with poetry, poetry text emphasis on the traditional aesthetics of poetry rhyme means degree have been significantly reduced; new poetry in different periods of rhyming text The degree of attention reflects two distinct stages: from 40s to early vernacular poetry poetry, this degree of attention gradually decreased to fifty in 70s, the new emphasis on rhyme was significantly higher than that in 40s new poetry; however, with the development of the new poetry, this kind of attention and shows a decreasing trend. In the process of development of the new poetry in 40s 80s, Taiwan poetry and poetry, is similar in characteristics of rhyme, poetry and poetry is shown between the corresponding situation is more complex. However, whether or Taiwan poetry translation, corresponding to the two and the new poetry embodied in the rhyme just embodies the historical features of the development of new poetry in the process at the same time, also shows that they are the same as the contemporary poetry text in common. This paper mainly investigates the lexical analysis of selected words five kind of text, lexical category, Noun modifier etc. in their order, frequency, measurement parameters on the characteristics of probability. The study results show that the high frequency words, poetry to describe "natural landscape", prose description object shows the features of diversity, high frequency words poetry appears more complex than high-frequency words, every period there are characteristics of the period. The proportion by single word, lexical richness showed results obtained for calculating the frequency of TTR and the "a index", lexical richness was significantly higher than that of poetry poetry text text, lexical richness of the prose text is significantly lower than that of poetry text. The distribution characteristics of word frequency and frequency of lexical category shows, prose text a strong "self-organization and heterogeneity, the near poetry shows artificially high control. Between the new poetry text lies between two, most of the poetry showed definite self-organization"", But the vast majority of new poetry showed a strong homogeneity. The analysis results and the frequency of lexical category noun modifier frequency display, and arrange various prose text lexical category noun modifier is different obviously and the new poetry text, poetry and poetry text in these two areas also showed obvious differences. In the analysis of all text words about measurement in the experiment, Taiwan poetry, poetry and poetry of the dissimilarity between them is not obvious, but also with some period of the new poetry showed strong similarity, fully embodies the contemporary poetry with individuality and commonness. The analysis shows that the new poetry, poetry and prose are three independent style, style significant differences between the three. Taiwan new poetry, poetry, poetry style does not exist obvious differences, but showed different time, different regions, different writing subject details of the difference All in all, in conclusion, this study has solved the problem of stylistic localization of new poetry to some extent, reflecting the applicability and feasibility of Quantitative Linguistics in the process of new poetry research.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】