不同植物群落下生物结皮AM真菌研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:18

本文选题：AM真菌　切入点：生物结皮　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：丛枝菌根真菌在自然界中分布十分的广泛,它可与许多的高等植物共生形成丛枝菌根。AM真菌对植物群落的结构可以起到一定的调节作用,还可以对植物生物多样性和生态系统的生产力起到决定性作用,对维持生态系统的功能和稳定性有重要意义。而生物结皮是荒漠地区最具特色的微自然景观,其结皮的形成对干旱区的生态系统及生物多样性、系统功能的维持以及植被演化过程都可以产生一定的影响。因此,在本文中将阜康区古尔班通古特沙漠不同植物群落下生物结皮的不同土壤层中AM真菌生物多样性及其与三种不同植物群落密度、土壤因子的相关性,探讨生物结皮层生物多样性及其共生特性,可以进一步揭示生物结皮层结构与功能以及为荒漠化沙漠植被的恢复提供一定的实验依据。具体结果如下:(1)从古尔班通古特沙漠的不同植物群落下的生物结皮层中分离出几种不同的苔藓类植物分别有刺叶墙藓、银叶真藓、真藓等几种藓类植物;地衣植物主要有藓生双缘衣、红磷网衣等几种地衣类植物;藻类植物主要是鞘丝异球藻、具鞘微鞘藻等藻类植物。然后在观察结皮植物的茎叶过程中均出现了泡囊和菌丝,可是未在其结构中发现丛枝只是在藓类植物的假根中偶尔能观察到菌丝并且在藓类植物体的周围发现少量的AM真菌菌丝和孢子。(2)在古尔班通过特沙漠的AM真菌的种属较少,应该说比较单一。在3种不同植物群落的不同土层中0-15cm的土壤中共分离鉴定出9种AM真菌,隶属于3个属,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)6种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)2种,原囊霉属(Achaeospora)1种。其中球囊霉属的属于优势属。(3)在同一植物群落下有结皮和无结皮土壤中,以及有结皮不同土壤层中分布的真菌其种类及孢子密度有一定的差异。结皮层土壤、结皮层下土壤、无结皮植物根际土壤、无结皮无植被裸露土壤样品中的真菌孢子密度和丰度的比较,它们的真菌孢子密度和丰富度由高到低值依次是:无结皮植物根际土壤结皮层下土壤结皮层土壤无结皮无植被裸露土壤。(4)在不同月份的梭梭植物群落、沙蒿植物群落和蛇麻黄植物群落上,真菌孢子密度、物种丰富度和香侬一威纳指数均表现为8月最高,9月和7月次之。(5)土壤因子测试结果生物结皮层土壤的全磷、有效磷、全氮、碱解氮和有机质都高于生物结皮层下土壤但不显著,除了pH值低于结皮层下土壤。(6)不同月份、不同土壤层的真菌孢子密度、物种丰度以及多样性指数与各种土壤因子有时能形成显著相关关系,但是没有形成一定的规律性。生物结皮群落种群密度与植物根际土真菌孢子密度有显著相关性。
[Abstract]:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are widely distributed in nature. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi with many higher plants to regulate the structure of plant community. It can also play a decisive role in plant biodiversity and ecosystem productivity, and it is important to maintain the function and stability of the ecosystem, which is the most characteristic micronatural landscape in desert areas. The formation of crusts can affect the ecosystem and biodiversity, the maintenance of system functions and the process of vegetation evolution in arid areas. In this paper, the biological diversity of AM fungi in different soil layers of different plant communities in Gulbantungut desert in Fukang region and its correlation with the density of three different plant communities and soil factors were studied. To explore the biological diversity and symbiotic characteristics of the biological crusts, It can further reveal the structure and function of biological crust and provide some experimental basis for the restoration of vegetation in desertification desert. The specific results are as follows: 1) Biocrit under different plant communities in Guerbantungott Desert. Several different species of mosses were isolated from this plant. Several species of mosses, such as bryophytes, bryophytes, etc.; lichens are mainly bryophytes, red phosphorus netting, and so on; algae are mainly sphingosporium, The vesicles and hyphae appeared in the process of observing the stems and leaves of the bark plants. But no arbuscular branches were found in its structure. Only occasionally hyphae was observed in the pseudroot of mosses and a small amount of AM fungal hyphae and spores were found around mosses.) there are fewer species of AM fungi in Gulban through the desert. Nine species of AM fungi belonging to 3 genera were isolated and identified in different soil layers of three different plant communities, including 6 species of Glomus and 2 species of Acaulospora. One species of Achaeospora is found in the genus Achaeospora, in which the genus Ballosae belongs to the dominant genus. 3) in the same plant community, the species and spore density of fungi distributed in different soil layers and in the same plant community are different. Comparison of fungal spore density and abundance in subcortical soil, rhizosphere soil of actinomycetes, and bare soil samples without crust and vegetation. The spore density and abundance of fungi in order from high to low are: rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, no crust soil, no vegetation, bare soil, bare soil of amoxylon ammodendron in different months, and the plant community of Haloxylon ammodendron in different months. In Artemisia annua community and Ephedra equisetifolia community, fungal spore density, species richness and Shannon Weiner index were the highest in August, followed by soil factor test in September and July. Total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter were higher than those in subcortical soil, but not significant, except that pH value was lower than that in subcortical soil.) in different months, the spore density of fungi in different soil layers was higher than that in subcortical soil. Species abundance and diversity index sometimes have a significant correlation with various soil factors, but there is no regularity. There is a significant correlation between the population density of biological crust community and the spore density of plant rhizosphere fungi.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948.122.3

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