面向中国老年人的康复景观循证设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 00:21

  本文选题：康复景观　切入点：老年人　出处：《清华大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在医疗卫生设施中引入自然要素并加以精心设计,通过人与环境的互动,以期对使用者产生身心积极作用的园林类型被称为康复景观。养老机构庭园环境以及基于老年人身心健康促进作用而设计的园林绿地都属于广义的老年人康复性景观。在我国老龄化现象严重的社会背景下,老年人人居环境建设的重要性凸显,康复景观是促进老年人身心健康、提高其生活质量的重要保证,并且具有社会经济效益、有利于社会整体和谐。康复景观应该采用循证设计的方法,将设计建立在实证研究基础上才能较好适应使用者需求进而充分发挥景观的健康促进作用。因此应积极开展针对我国老年人的康复景观循证设计研究,针对这一课题,本文从三个层次对其进行论述研究。第一部分是研究基础,主要论述了康复景观与循证设计两大基本概念。首先系统性地对康复景观的历史沿革和研究类型进行梳理总结,历史方面以西方和我国的情况作对比论述;研究内容方面,对康复景观目前的研究进行了4个方面的分类,包括景观康复性研究、园艺疗法研究、环境行为健康研究以及亲生物性研究。其次对循证设计展开论述,从产生背景、概念、方法到康复景观采用循证设计的具体案例分别进行研究。第二部分是实证研究,对养老机构康复景观和城市绿地老年人康复景观展开具体的定量研究。在养老机构庭园研究中,采用血压、心率和专注力测试方法对老年人使用庭园前后的生理心理指标测定,并且对庭园的使用情况和认知特征进行问卷调查,结果显示庭园活动对身心健康都产生改善作用,且景观空间特征影响了具体康复效果和使用状况。在城市绿地研究中,测试老年人身处不同景观类型中的肌电反应值和精神疲劳恢复度,结果表明老年人在自然景观中的身体放松效果明显好于室内,且整体上产生较好的心理恢复,植物景观对身体放松产生显著效果,并且在特定景观类型中身体康复有性别差异性。根据实证研究的结果均进行了讨论,并且提出该环境的景观规划设计建议。第三部分是设计研究层面,对一般老年人和失智老年人的康复景观环境设计展开论述。在明确室外庭园环境对老年人的意义,以及相关设计研究的基础上,提出两种环境所应采取的循证设计模型,并对具体的设计策略展开详细论述,最后以实际案例和使用后评价对设计的方法和要点进行进一步阐述。
[Abstract]:The introduction and design of natural elements in health facilities, through the interaction between people and the environment, The garden type with the purpose of exerting a positive effect on the body and mind of the user is called rehabilitation landscape. The garden environment of the pension institution and the garden green space designed on the basis of promoting the physical and mental health of the elderly all belong to the broad sense of rehabilitation of the elderly. Landscape. Under the social background of the serious aging phenomenon in our country, The importance of the construction of the elderly human settlements environment is highlighted. The rehabilitation landscape is an important guarantee to promote the physical and mental health of the elderly and to improve their quality of life, and it also has social and economic benefits. The rehabilitation landscape should adopt the method of evidence-based design. Based on the empirical research, the design can better adapt to the needs of the users and give full play to the health promotion role of the landscape. Therefore, we should actively carry out the research on evidence-based design of rehabilitation landscape for the elderly in China, and aim at this subject. The first part is the research foundation, which mainly discusses the two basic concepts of rehabilitation landscape and evidence-based design. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the historical evolution and research types of rehabilitation landscape. In the aspect of history, it is compared with the situation in the West and China. In the aspect of research contents, there are four kinds of research on rehabilitation landscape, including landscape rehabilitation research, horticultural therapy research, landscape rehabilitation research and horticultural therapy research. Environmental behavioral health research and biophilic research. Secondly, the evidence-based design is discussed, from the background, concept, method to rehabilitation landscape using evidence-based design specific case study. The second part is empirical research. The physical and psychological indexes of the elderly before and after the use of the garden were measured by blood pressure, heart rate and concentration in the study of the garden for the aged, the rehabilitation landscape of the aged and the rehabilitation landscape of the elderly in urban green space were studied in detail, and the physiological and psychological indexes of the elderly before and after the use of the garden were measured. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the use and cognitive characteristics of gardens. The results showed that garden activities improved both physical and mental health, and the landscape spatial characteristics affected the specific rehabilitation effect and use status. The results showed that the physical relaxation effect of the elderly in the natural landscape was better than that in the indoor, and the overall psychological recovery was better. Plant landscape has a significant effect on body relaxation, and there are gender differences in physical rehabilitation in specific landscape types. The third part is the design research level, discusses the rehabilitation landscape environment design of the general elderly and the retarded elderly, and clarifies the significance of outdoor garden environment to the elderly. On the basis of the related design research, this paper puts forward the evidence-based design model for the two environments, and discusses the specific design strategies in detail. Finally, the design methods and key points are further elaborated with practical cases and post-use evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.14
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本文编号：1651070