基于土地生态适宜性评价的长江流域森林恢复格局研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 02:18

本文选题：长江流域　切入点：物元模型　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类活动和全球气候变化对流域生态环境的影响日益加剧,长江流域作为我国重要的经济活跃带,其环境保护与生态恢复已成为当前面临的重要问题之一。本研究根据长江流域土地利用、植被景观格局、自然环境特点,并结合全国生态功能区划和长江流域防护林建设目标,建立了长江流域植被恢复适宜性评价指标体系,以长江流域大于15°的坡耕地和裸地为评价对象,采用土地适宜性评价物元模型分别对长江上游流域和长江中下游流域两个评价区域森林恢复的土地适宜性进行了评价,得到了长江流域植被恢复的土地资源数量、质量、限制因子及其分布格局,并提出长江流域潜在森林恢复格局。研究结果如下:(1)根据全国生态功能区划,将长江流域分为长江上游和中下游两个评价区域。选取地形地貌(海拔、坡度、坡向)、气象条件(大于等于10℃积温、年均降水量)和土地特征(土地覆盖类型、土壤深度、土壤质地、土壤总氮含量)等评价指标,建立长江流域森林植被恢复的土地生态适宜性评价指标体系,并利用层次分析法分别确定了两个评价区域的指标权重。长江流域上游和中下游评价指标权重值的差异明显,上游地区权重值海拔大于等于10℃积温、年均降雨量坡度土壤质地坡向土壤深度土地覆盖类型总N,其中海拔、10℃积温、年均降雨量、坡度的影响更为突出;中下游地区权重值坡度土壤质地土壤深度坡向总N土地覆盖类型、海拔大于等于10℃积温、年均降雨量,坡度和土壤深度的影响相对突出。(2)构建土地生态适宜性评价物元模型,对长江流域进行生态适宜性评价。长江流域上游大于15°的坡耕地和裸地中,适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积为25210km2,占该区域评价总面积的88.81%,较适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积为853km2,占评价总面积的3.01%,不适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积为2322km2,占其评价总面积的8.18%。长江流域上游适宜森林恢复的区域主要分布在海拔2000m以下的地区;较适宜的区域主要分布在海拔4000m以下的山区地带;不适宜的区域则主要分布在海拔4000m以上的青藏高原、云贵高原及横断山脉等地区。(3)长江流域中下游大于15°的坡耕地和裸地中,适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积为30405km2,占该区域总评价面积的97.81%,较适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积约528km2,占评价总面积的1.70%;不适宜森林恢复的土地资源面积约152km2,占评价总面积的0.49%。长江流域中下游地区海拔较低、水热条件良好,影响森林恢复适宜性的因子主要有坡度、土壤深度、土壤质地及土地覆盖类型等。(4)长江流域大于15°的坡耕地和裸地中适宜森林恢复等级的区域共达54103km2,该地区综合条件良好,适宜森林分布,可根据当地土壤与气候特征恢复为不同类型的森林。较适宜森林恢复等级的区域为2945km2,该地区在海拔、坡度、土壤深度及土壤质地等方面有一定程度的限制,可以通过采取改良措施提高其适宜性,或者恢复为过渡性林草混合的生态系统。不适宜森林恢复等级的区域为2436km2,该地区由于严重受制于海拔、气候、或者土壤环境及其累加效应,不适宜恢复为森林,建议宜草则草、宜荒则荒。(5)采用谢高地的价值当量法对长江流域适宜恢复区域森林恢复后的森林生态系统服务功能进行评估表明,长江流域森林生态系统服务功能将由22318.37亿元/年提高到23088.71亿元/年,提高770.34亿元/年。其中森林生态系统服务功能增加1102.97亿元/年,草地增加15.84亿元/年;而农田和荒漠生态服务功能分别减少347.46亿/年和1.00亿元/年。
[Abstract]:With the impact of human activities and global climate change on the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin is increasing, as China's important economic activity, its environmental protection and ecological restoration has become one of the important issues currently facing. On the basis of the Yangtze River basin land use and vegetation landscape pattern, the natural environment characteristics, combined with the construction of protection forest the target of national ecological function zoning and the Yangtze River Basin, the establishment of the Yangtze River Basin vegetation restoration suitability evaluation index system in the Yangtze River Basin is greater than 15 degrees slope farmland and bare land as the evaluation object, using appropriate matter-element model of evaluation of river basin in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and the Yangtze River in the two forest land suitability evaluation of regional recovery for evaluation, get the number of land resources in the Yangtze River Basin, vegetation restoration quality, limiting factors and distribution pattern, and puts forward the potential of Yangtze River Basin The forest restoration patterns. The results are as follows: (1) according to the national ecological function zoning, the Yangtze basin is divided into the lower reaches of the Yangtze River upstream and two evaluation areas. Select the topography (elevation, slope, slope), meteorological conditions (greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius temperature, annual precipitation) and land (land cover types, soil depth, soil texture, soil total nitrogen content) as the evaluation indexes, establish evaluation index system of land ecological suitability of forest vegetation restoration in the Yangtze River Basin, and identified two regional evaluation index weight by AHP. Different evaluation index weight of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin upstream and in value significantly, in the upper reaches of the weight the altitude value is greater than or equal to 10 DEG C temperature, annual rainfall slope slope soil texture soil depth, land cover type N, with an altitude of 10, accumulated temperature, annual rainfall, slope effect is more prominent in the middle and lower reaches; Area weighted value of slope soil texture soil depth and slope N land cover types, elevation is greater than or equal to 10 DEG C temperature, annual rainfall, effect of slope and soil depth is relatively prominent. (2) the construction of the land ecological suitability evaluation matter-element model of the Yangtze River basin ecological suitability evaluation of upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is greater than 15 degrees. The slope farmland and the bare land, suitable land resources area forest restoration for 25210km2, accounting for 88.81% of the total area of the evaluation of regional land resources, the suitable area of forest restoration is 853km2, accounting for 3.01% of the total area of the evaluation of land resources, not suitable for forest restoration area is 2322km2, accounting for 8.18%. of the total area of the upper reaches of the evaluation the Yangtze River is suitable for forest restoration areas are mainly distributed in the areas below 2000m above sea level; the suitable areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas below 4000m above sea level; not suitable areas are mainly distributed in the Above 4000m of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountain region. (3) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is greater than 15 degrees slope farmland and the bare land, suitable land resources area forest restoration is 30405km2, accounting for 97.81% of the total assessment area, the suitable area of forest land resources recovery of about 528km2, accounting for evaluation 1.70% of the total area of land resources; not suitable for forest restoration area of about 152km2, accounting for 0.49%. of the total area of the evaluation in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin in the lower altitude, water and heat conditions, effects of forest restoration suitability factors include slope, soil depth, soil texture and land cover types (4) suitable for forest restoration. The level of 54103km2 in Yangtze River Basin area amounted to more than 15 degrees slope farmland and the bare land, the comprehensive condition in this area is good, suitable for forest distribution, according to local soil and climatic characteristics for recovery of different types of forests. Suitable level of forest restoration area is 2945km2, the area in elevation, slope, to a certain extent limit the depth of soil and soil texture, etc., can be improved by taking measures to enhance its suitability for the ecological restoration system, or mixed. Not suitable for transitional forest and forest restoration level area is 2436km2, the area due to the serious subject to the altitude, climate, or soil environment and the accumulation effect, not suitable for forest restoration, recommended grass, should shortage is shortage. (5) using the equivalent value method of Xie Gaodi of the Yangtze River Basin for the restoration of regional forest ecosystem service function recovery after evaluation showed that the forest ecosystem in Yangtze River basin the service function will be 2 trillion and 231 billion 837 million yuan / year increased to 2 trillion and 308 billion 871 million yuan / year, raise 77 billion 34 million yuan / year. The forest ecosystem services increased by 110 billion 297 million yuan / year, grassland increased 15.8 400 million yuan per year; and farmland and desert ecosystem services were reduced by 34 billion 746 million per year and 100 million yuan per year, respectively.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5

【参考文献】