杭州西湖园林植物冬季景观研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 21:05

本文选题：园林植物　切入点：冬季景观　出处：《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：杭州西湖风景名胜区历经多年的建设,植物群落基本稳定,并形成了独特的地方特色,其特有的植物配置体现出杭州西湖的美,如花港观鱼、太子湾、曲院风荷等早已成为公园绿地的精华和代表,值得我们学习和借鉴。本文以杭州西湖的园林植物冬季景观作为研究对象,结合大量典型的案例调查,分析杭州西湖植物群落的组成、冬季植物的观赏特征、植物群落景观综合评价,主要研究结论如下:1.杭州西湖环湖公园植物种质资源的调查与分析,根据文献研究、实地调查统计分析表明:园林植物有104科240属423种,其中蕨类植物5科5属5种,裸子植物7科18属29种,被子叶植物92科217属389种。上层乔木多样性程度高,灌木层和草本层物种多样性程度低。结合冬季植物的观赏特征分析,可将观赏效果较好的植物分为:观花树种、观叶树种、观果树种、观干树种、观姿树种、观芽树种。对杭州西湖冬季观赏植物进行分类归纳,冬季具有明显观赏特征的植物(如花、果、叶、姿)多达80多种,占景区内植物总类的19%。2.通过对杭州西湖环湖的9个公园筛选,选取了40个冬季景观比较明显的植物群落进行调查,从群落的植物观赏特征来体现群落冬季景观的表现。杭州西湖各公园空间内的冬季的植物群落观赏特征丰富度相似,但由于冬季观赏特征在群落中所占的比例不同,冬季景观以观枝干、常绿树种所占的比例居多,而观果、观花等表现突出的观赏特征所占比例较少,部分空间的群落如长桥公园、湖滨广场、藏山阁等,冬季景观效果表现较差。在冬季观赏特征方面应用较好的有孤山东北部梅花坡和名石苑竹林等景区。3.运用SBE美景度景观评价法,对杭州西湖植物冬季景观建立评价模型。通过建立的模型表明,园林植物冬季景观因子影响大小顺序为:观赏色彩数量与其它景观要素的协调性绿色比树冠层变化植物形态林下植被植物层次丰富度树木布局郁闭度;40个样本中,有23个SBE值为正数,17个SBE值为负数,SBE值起伏较大,最高值为1.562,最低值为-0.892,由上述可知杭州西湖冬季植物群落景观质量整体处于良好状态,可局部发展不均衡,景观效果差异较大。
[Abstract]:After many years of construction in the West Lake scenic area of Hangzhou, the plant community is basically stable and has formed unique local characteristics. Its unique plant configuration reflects the beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou, such as the view of fish in Huagang, the bay of princelings.Qu Yuan wind charge has already become the essence and representative of the park green space, worthy of our learning and reference.This paper takes the landscape of garden plants in the West Lake of Hangzhou as the research object, and analyzes the composition of the plant community, the ornamental characteristics of the plants in winter and the comprehensive evaluation of the landscape of the plant community in the West Lake of Hangzhou, in combination with a large number of typical cases.The main conclusions are as follows: 1.The investigation and analysis of plant germplasm resources in West Lake Park of Hangzhou showed that there were 423 species of garden plants belonging to 240 genera and 104 families, including 5 families, 5 genera and 5 species of pteridophytes, and 29 species of gymnosperms belonging to 18 genera and 7 families.There are 389 species of angiocotyledon belonging to 217 genera and 92 families.The species diversity of upper layer trees was high, and that of shrub layer and herbaceous layer was low.Based on the analysis of the ornamental characteristics of winter plants, the plants with better ornamental effect can be divided into flower, leaf, fruit, dry, posture and bud species.According to the classification of ornamental plants in winter in West Lake, Hangzhou, there are more than 80 kinds of ornamental plants (such as flowers, fruits, leaves and posture) with obvious ornamental characteristics in winter, accounting for 19.2% of the total plants in the scenic area.Through the selection of 9 parks around the West Lake in Hangzhou, 40 plant communities with obvious winter landscape were selected for investigation, and the plant ornamental characteristics of the community were used to reflect the performance of the community in winter.The richness of ornamental characteristics of plant communities in winter is similar in the parks of West Lake, Hangzhou. However, because of the different proportion of ornamental characters in the communities in winter, the landscape in winter is characterized by the observation of branches and trunk, the proportion of evergreen trees is the most, and the percentage of fruit watching is the same.The proportion of conspicuous ornamental features such as flower viewing was less, and some spatial communities such as Changqiao Park, Lake Square, Tibetan Mountain Pavilion, etc., the effect of landscape was poor in winter.In winter, there are some scenic spots, such as Meihua slope in northeast of Gushan and bamboo forest in Ming Shiyuan, which are better applied in winter.The evaluation model of plant landscape in Hangzhou West Lake in winter was established by using SBE landscape evaluation method.The established model shows that,The order of influence of landscape factors of garden plants in winter is as follows: the coordination between the number of ornamental colors and other landscape elements is green than the variation of canopy vegetation levels richness degree tree layout canopy degree of 40 samples;There were 23 positive SBE values and 17 negative SBE values. The highest value was 1.562, and the lowest value was -0.892.From above, the landscape quality of plant communities in West Lake in Hangzhou was in good condition, and the local development was not balanced.The landscape effect is quite different.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688

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