新疆阿尔泰山植物多样性全球突出普遍价值

发布时间：2018-04-13 17:38

本文选题：新疆阿尔泰山 + 植物区系组成　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球突出普遍价值(outstanding universal value)是指文化和/或自然价值是如此罕见,超越了国家界限,对全人类的现在和未来均具有普遍的重要意义。全球突出普遍价值是世界遗产的核心价值,是决定一项遗产能否列入《世界遗产名录》的主要依据。阿尔泰山横跨俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、中国和蒙古四个国家,位于阿尔泰-萨彦生态区,是具有全球意义的生物多样性中心区域之一,是许多特有、濒危动植物的主要分布区和避难所,对于研究中亚地区植被起源和演化过程具有重要的价值作用。新疆阿尔泰山代表了阿尔泰山南坡的主要部分,具有独特的植物多样性特点。本研究以新疆阿尔泰山野生植物及植被为对象,从物种多样性、植物区系组成、植被类型及空间分布格局等方面,评估了新疆阿尔泰山植物多样性的全球突出普遍价值。研究结果如下:(1)新疆阿尔泰山共有维管束植物105科530属1494种,占阿尔泰山的维管束植物总数的72.9%,是阿尔泰山植物多样性分布中心之一。(2)新疆阿尔泰山植物的寡种科、单种属占有绝对优势。含50种以上的菊科Asteraceae、禾本科Gramineae和豆科Fabacea等10种优势科所包含的属、种数分别占其总数的62.7%和51.4%。(3)新疆阿尔泰山在科和属的水平上其地理分布区类型都最丰富,是阿尔泰山多种区系成分汇集、混杂和过渡的区域。既有耐冷湿的南泰加林成分也有较中生的温带成分,较阿尔泰山其它坡向的植物区系成分更加复杂、多样,且具有明显的过渡性。(4)新疆阿尔泰山有特有植物102种,其中一些特有种是阿尔泰山其它区域所不具备的,在植物多样性组成中有着不可替代的地位。(5)在科和属级水平上,新疆、俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山植物区系之间的相似性系数都超过了50%,新疆阿尔泰山与其他三国阿尔泰山野生种子植物区系科、属的相似性关系比其它三国阿尔泰山两两之间的要密切,是西伯利亚、泛北极、欧亚、北极-高山和蒙古等几大生物区系的交流中心。(6)新疆阿尔泰山植被类型多样,分布着8个植被型、18个植被亚型和50个群系。其中红皮沙拐枣群系、博乐绢蒿、沟叶羊茅荒漠草原仅在新疆阿尔泰山分布,是阿尔泰山丰富的植被类型中的特殊类型。(7)新疆阿尔泰山处于全球暗针叶林、温带阔叶林和荒漠三大植被类型的交汇处。具有山地寒温带泰加林与中温带荒漠交错与过渡的明显特征,在阿尔泰山的植被空间分布格局中具有唯一性和不可替代性。(8)新疆阿尔泰山发育了阿尔泰山南坡典型的7个植被垂直自然带:冰川积雪带、高山苔原带、高山稀疏植被带、高山草甸带、亚高山草甸带、森林草原带、山地草原带、荒漠草原带,与阿尔泰山北坡的垂直自然带谱共同构成了阿尔泰山完整的垂直自然带谱,成为整个阿尔泰山垂直景观带中不可或缺的一部分。
[Abstract]:The global outstanding universal value (outstanding universal value) refers to the cultural and / or natural value is so rare that transcends national boundaries, for all human beings now and in the future are the important common. The global outstanding universal value is the core value of world heritage, is the main basis for a decision to be included in the "World Heritage Heritage list >. Al Taishan across Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia China four countries, is located in the Altai Sayan ecological zone, is of global significance of biodiversity is one of the central areas, many endemic, endangered animals and plants in the main distribution area of refuge, has an important role for the value of vegetation origin and evolution Central Asia. Xinjiang's Taishan represents the main part of Al on the southern slope of Taishan, has the unique characteristics of plant diversity. In this study, the Xinjiang Altai mountain wild plant And vegetation as the object, from the species diversity, floristic composition, vegetation types and spatial distribution pattern, the evaluation of Xinjiang's Taishan plant diversity in the world outstanding universal value. The results are as follows: (1) Xinjiang, Taishan a total of 105 families of vascular plants in 530 genera and 1494 species, accounting for the total number of vascular plants al Taishan is one of the 72.9%, Al Taishan plant diversity distribution center. (2) Xinjiang's Taishan plant oligotypic families and single species genera occupy absolute advantage. More than 50 species of Compositae Gramineae and Leguminosae Asteraceae, Gramineae Fabacea and other 10 kinds of dominant families included genera, species accounted for the total number of 62.7% and 51.4%. (3) Xinjiang's Taishan in the family and genus level on the geographical distribution types are the most abundant, is al Taishan assemble diverse flora elements, hybrid and transition region. Both resistant to cold wet Southern taiga composition Have students more temperate, compared with other al Taishan slope to the flora is more complex, diverse, and has obvious transition. (4) Xinjiang's Taishan has 102 endemic species, some of which are endemic to Taishan's other regions do not have, in an irreplaceable position plant diversity. (5) in the family and genus level, Xinjiang, Russia, the similarity coefficient between Mongolia and Kazakhstan, the flora of Taishan are more than 50% plants in Xinjiang, Taishan and other three al al Taishan wild seed department, the similarity relationship between the other three al Taishan 22 to close, Siberia, the Arctic, alpine and Arctic Eurasia, Mongolia and other major biota exchange center. (6) Xinjiang, Taishan and diverse vegetation types, the distribution of the 8 vegetation types, 18 vegetation types and 50 sub groups Department of the red bole. Calligonum formation, Seriphidium, z.matrella fescue desert steppe in Xinjiang's Taishan distribution only, is a special type of vegetation types in Taishan. Al rich (7) Xinjiang, Taishan is a global dark coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and temperate desert three major vegetation types with mountain cold temperate interchange. In temperate desert and taiga characterized with staggered transition, in the spatial distribution of vegetation pattern in Al Taishan is unique and irreplaceable. (8) Xinjiang's Taishan development al south slope of Taishan 7 typical vegetation vertical natural zones: snow capped mountains, alpine tundra, alpine sparse vegetation zone. Alpine meadow, subalpine meadow, forest steppe, mountain steppe, desert steppe, and Al Taishan's north slope natural vertical zone constitute the natural vertical bands of Al Taishan complete as a whole, Al An indispensable part of the vertical landscape belt in Taishan.

【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948

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