滇中红层区主要盆地景观农业配置模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:40

本文选题：滇中红层区 + 景观农业　；参考：《云南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：滇中红层区是云南省地貌区划之一,地处云南中部,区内中生代红色地层广布,其间坝子星罗棋布,是云南省盆地最为集中的区域之一。特殊的地理环境条件使整个区域内部降水少,部分干热河谷地带存在焚风效应,加剧了区内的干旱,独特而脆弱的农业地理环境和不合理的土地利用方式使滇中红层区生态环境日益恶化。因此,滇中红层区急需找到一种既能充分利用农业环境资源创造经济价值又能维持区域生态平衡的农业生产方式。通过对滇中红层区景观农业配置,既可以保持区域生态平衡,又可以增加旅游吸引力,为滇中红层区农业提供新的发展方向。本文借助云南省社会经济研究计划重大项目“多学科高技术支持下的云南城镇上山基础研究”的子课题“云南城镇上山的地理环境系统背景研究”相关研究成果并结合滇中红层区地理环境特征,把滇中红层区划分成干热河谷区和原上缓丘区。利用云南省DEM数据在ArcGis软件中提取出坡度小于8°且面积大于10 Km2的平地并结合坡度和等高线数据得到滇中红层区主要盆地数据,以滇中红层区地理环境区划为依据,把滇中红层区主要盆地类型划分为:金沙江、元江干热谷盆、原上缓丘盆地两种类型。从景观生态学的角度分析不同盆地类型中的景观类型、结构和功能,提出各类型盆地的景观格局优化思路,得到生态安全的景观格局模式。基于景观格局模式,从景观形式美学、景观意境流的角度,分析总结滇中红层区景观农业的配置模式。盆地所处地貌区不一样,景观格局特征也不一样,利用景观格局基本原理对每种类型盆地的景观农业进行要素现状分析,得出各景观系统的生态安全格局模式:?金沙江、元江干热谷盆—“带状对称”结构。其亚类景观安全格局为:河流阶地—以道路网、河流、植被缓冲带为廊道,农田耕地为基质的“线—面景观布局格局”;谷盆中山缓坡带—以坡耕地、灌木林地和聚落为景观斑块,道路和沟渠网为廊道的“均匀景观格局”;谷盆中山陡坡带—以坡耕地、草地为斑块,灌木林地沿山脊线平行分布为基质的“平行景观格局”。?原上缓丘盆地—“同心圆环状”结构。其亚类景观安全格局为:平坝区—由聚落、防护林网和耕地构成的“斑块—廊道—基质景观格局”;盆地边缘山麓带—由聚落带、坡耕地和灌木林带构成的“带状景观格局”;盆地边缘山坡带—以灌木林地为基质,以草地为斑块的“自然山地景观格局”。基于各盆地类型景观系统生态安全格局,运用景观形式美来配置盆地景观农业。?金沙江、元江干热谷盆景观农业配置主要围绕其“带状对称”的格局特点,以河流曲线为主线,配置成既有河流阶地的平面曲线美,又有两岸山体的峻拔立体之美的景观农业模式:“阶地曲线—缓坡多彩—陡坡绿带”模式。?原上缓丘盆地景观农业配置主要围绕“同心圆环状结构”的格局特点,配置成在外层原始自然环境包围下的具有色彩、线条、斑块和平面美的景观农业模式:“平坝长林方田、多彩农田—山麓景观带—山坡自然绿地”模式。
[Abstract]:The central Yunnan red layer is one of the geomorphologic divisions of Yunnan province. It is located in the middle of Yunnan. The Mesozoic red strata are widely distributed in the middle of Yunnan. The middle of the region is the most concentrated area in the Yunnan province. The special geographical conditions make the whole region less precipitation, and some dry hot river valley zone has the effect of the burning wind, which aggravates the drought in the region alone. The special and fragile agricultural geographical environment and unreasonable land use make the ecological environment of the red layer in Central Yunnan increasingly worsening. Therefore, it is urgent to find a kind of agricultural production formula which can make full use of agricultural environmental resources to create economic value and maintain regional ecological balance in Central Yunnan. We can not only maintain the ecological balance of the region, but also increase the attraction of tourism, and provide a new direction for the agriculture in the red layer area of central Yunnan. This paper, with the help of the major project of the Yunnan province social and economic research project, "the basic research of the Yunnan town uphill under the support of multi-disciplinary and high technology", "the geographical environment system background of the Yunnan town." The red layer area of central Yunnan is divided into dry hot valley area and original gentle hillock area. Using the DEM data of Yunnan Province, the main basin data of the red layer area in Central Yunnan are obtained by using the data of DEM in ArcGis software to extract the slope less than 8 degrees and the area more than 10 Km2. Based on the geographical regionalization of the red layer in Central Yunnan, the main types of basin in the red bed area of central Yunnan are divided into two types: Jinsha River, Yuanjiang dry hot valley basin and the original gentle hilly basin. The landscape pattern, structure and function of different basin types are analyzed from the perspective of landscape ecology, and the optimization ideas of the landscape patterns of various types of basins are proposed. Based on landscape pattern pattern, from the view of landscape form aesthetics and landscape artistic conception flow, this paper analyzes and summarizes the configuration mode of landscape agriculture in the red layer of central Yunnan. The geomorphic areas of the basin are different and the landscape patterns are different. The landscape agriculture of each type of basin is made by the basic principle of landscape pattern. The ecological security pattern of each landscape system: Jinsha River, Yuanjiang dry hot valley basin - "banded symmetry" structure. The subclass landscape safety pattern is the river terrace - the road network, the river, the vegetation buffer zone as the corridor, the farmland as the matrix "line to surface landscape layout pattern"; the Valley Zhongshan gentle slope belt to the slope Cultivated land, shrub land and settlement are landscape patches, road and channel network are the "uniform landscape pattern" of corridor; the valley basin Zhongshan steep slope belt - sloping arable land, grassland as patches, shrub land parallel to the ridge line as the "parallel landscape pattern". The bureau is: the Pingba area - a "patch - corridor - matrix landscape pattern" composed of settlements, shelterbelts and arable land; the edge Piedmont of the basin - the "banded landscape pattern" composed of the settlement belt, sloping arable land and shrub belt, the edge of the basin - the shrub forest as the matrix, and the "natural mountain landscape pattern" with grassland as a patch. Based on the ecological security pattern of each basin type landscape system, the landscape agriculture of the basin is configured with the beauty of landscape form. The landscape agriculture of the Yuanjiang dry hot valley basin is mainly centered around the pattern characteristic of "banded symmetry", with the river curve as the main line, which is arranged into the plane curve beauty of the existing river terrace and the steep elevation of the cross straits mountains. The landscape agriculture model of the beauty of body: "terrace curve, slow slope colourful and steep slope green belt" model. The landscape agricultural configuration of the original gentle hilly basin is mainly centered around the pattern characteristics of "concentric ring like structure", and is configured as a landscape agricultural model with color, line, patch and flat beauty surrounded by the original natural environment of outer layer: "the length of flat dam" Lin Fangtian, the colorful farmland - the Piedmont landscape belt - hillside natural green space.

【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29;P901

【参考文献】