煤炭基地村庄复垦土壤养分时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 05:25

本文选题：复垦 + 土壤养分　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：山西省地处黄土高原东部,由于地理位置适中,长期以来,一直是我国最重要的能源基地。但是,在大面积、高强度开采煤炭资源的同时,致使矿区水、土壤、植被等资源遭到严重破坏,随着煤炭资源的日益枯竭、生态环境的严重破坏,采煤区生存环境的不断恶化,加之城镇化步伐的加快,采煤区域出现了大量废弃村庄。因此,煤炭基地村庄土地复垦整理已成为该区域地综合整治的一项重要内容。本论文以山西省泽州县西郜村为研究区,采用GIS与地统计学相结合、土壤—景观模型这两种方法,分析研究区复垦前后土壤养分有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷的含量、空间分布,揭示土壤养分时空变化特征,旨在为今后复垦提供参考。本研究首先对研究区复垦前土壤养分进行采样,利用GIS与地统计学相结合的方法,计算土壤养分的变程与块金系数,分析其养分特征与空间分布;然后在研究区农田、村庄、道路等代表性位置选取地块作为实验田,对实验田进行深耕覆土、施肥、种植作物等复垦措施,在复垦后的实验田采集土样,利用土壤—景观模型,对复垦后研究区内的土壤养分进行预测,计算复垦后土壤养分的变程与块金系数,分析其养分含量特征与空间分布;最后通过对比复垦前后土壤养分的时空变化,揭示土壤养分变化特征,分析影响土壤养分变化的影响因素,总结复垦中提高土壤养分的有利措施,对今后的复垦提供一定指导。研究结果表明:研究区土壤的有机质、全氮含量较低,速效钾、有效磷含量较高;经过复垦,4种养分变异程度会降低,土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷的块金系数与变程在复垦后将均有所降低,具有中等程度空间相关性。研究区土壤养分的分布具有一定的规律性,复垦前4种养分均在村庄中部含量较高,逐次向周围递减,各养分含量相对集中不均匀;复垦后4种养分分布较均匀,村庄与农田差异降低。通过分析土壤养分变化的影响因素可知,地形、土壤类型、人类活动以及其他随机因素可能是导致研究区土壤养分空间变异的主要因素。在今后的复垦过程中,应加强分区管理,提倡重点施肥、添加活化剂、种植绿肥等培肥措施,加强农田水利等基础设施建设,改善土壤养分生态过程,提高土壤肥力,促进农业生产。
[Abstract]:Shanxi province is located in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau, which has long been the most important energy base in China because of its moderate geographical location. However, in the large area and high intensity mining of coal resources, the water, soil, vegetation and other resources of the mining area have been seriously damaged. With the increasing depletion of coal carbon resources, the serious destruction of the ecological environment and the mining area. With the deterioration of the living environment and the accelerated pace of urbanization, a large number of abandoned villages have appeared in the coal mining area. Therefore, the reclamation and consolidation of the villages and villages in the coal base has become an important content of the comprehensive renovation of the region. This paper takes the West Gao Village of Zezhou County, Shanxi Province as the research area, combining GIS with geostatistics, and the soil landscape The two methods are used to analyze the soil nutrient organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, effective phosphorus content, spatial distribution and spatial distribution of soil nutrients before and after reclamation. The purpose of this study is to provide reference for the reclamation of soil nutrients in the future. Firstly, the soil nutrients were sampled in the study area, and the method of combining GIS with geostatistics was used to calculate the soil nutrients. The nutrient characteristics and spatial distribution of soil nutrients were calculated, and the soil nutrient characteristics and spatial distribution were analyzed. Then the plots were selected as experimental fields in the representative positions of farmland, villages and roads in the study area. The soil samples were ploughed in deep tillage, fertilized and cultivated in the experimental field, and soil samples were collected in the experimental field after reclaimed, and the soil landscape model was used to recover the soil samples. The soil nutrients in the post reclamation area were predicted, the variation of soil nutrients and the coefficient of the bulk gold were calculated, and the nutrient content characteristics and spatial distribution were analyzed. Finally, by comparing the temporal and spatial changes of soil nutrients before and after reclamation, the characteristics of soil nutrients were revealed, the influence factors of soil nutrient changes were analyzed, and the improvement of the soil nutrient changes was summarized. The favorable measures for soil nutrients provide some guidance for the future reclamation. The results show that the soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, available potassium and effective phosphorus content are higher in the study area. After reclamation, the variation degree of the 4 nutrients will be reduced, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, quick effect potassium, the coefficient of bulk gold of the available phosphorus and the variation range will be all after reclaimed. The distribution of soil nutrients in the study area has a certain regularity. The 4 kinds of nutrients before reclamation are higher in the middle of the village, decreasing gradually to the surrounding area, and the content of each nutrient is not uniform. The distribution of the 4 nutrients is more uniform and the difference between the village and the farmland is reduced after reclamation. By analyzing the change of soil nutrients, the change of soil nutrients is analyzed. It is known that terrain, soil type, human activity and other random factors may be the main factors that lead to the spatial variation of soil nutrients in the study area. In the process of reclamation, we should strengthen the division management, promote the key fertilization, add activator, plant green manure and so on, strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy and so on. Good soil nutrient ecological process, improve soil fertility, promote agricultural production.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

【参考文献】