保定市常见绿化树种绿量及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 13:58

本文选题：绿量 + 影响因素　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：三维绿量弥补传统二维绿化指标的不足,确切的反映绿地植物构成是否合理及有效评价绿地系统中生态效益水平。目前许多国家重点研究的绿化量化指标。本文选出保定市区内的主要街道、公园样地及学校样地,在每块样地选出不同株高、冠幅、不同龄级、不同胸径的60种常见绿化树种为研究对象,以非破坏性直接测量法测定不同生长因子,再按照公式:树种绿量=绿叶体积+绿茎体积=树冠内有叶区体积V2×(单位体积内绿叶体积V3+单位体积内绿茎体积V4)计算出不同树种的绿量值并建立回归方程,为其所产生的生态效益提供基础参数,为城市绿化树种的选择及搭配提供参考依据。对比不同树种的绿量值大小和同一树种中影响因素的的不同所产生的绿量值差异,得到以下结果:1.树种冠内结构影响树种的绿量。不同的树种其内部结构差别很大,主要表现在冠内部无叶区体积的大小。这些内部结构特点,使得树木绿量在树冠内部分布不均衡,直接影响树种绿量的大小。经测定,树种中无叶区比重大有:柳树、柿树、西府海棠、紫荆、紫叶李、金叶女贞、紫叶小檗、凤尾兰、月季;相对较小的有:悬铃木、白蜡、臭椿、国槐、银杏、樱花、白皮松、侧柏、紫薇、蔷薇、大叶黄杨等。除此之外,对于树冠体积相同的不同树种,由于树冠内部无叶区体积的差异以及树叶形状特点等不同,树木绿量也存在较大差异。2.树木绿期时间长短影响树木的绿量。对胸径、大小级相同的树种而言,其绿量有较大差异,其绿量大小是:针叶植物阔叶植物,原因就是树木的绿期长短的不同,树种其叶片各生长参数也不一样。通过查阅资料,我们把植物统分为两大类,常绿植物绿期是365天,而落叶植物绿期约是220天。3.植物龄级、胸径、株高和冠幅影响树种绿量。研究结果表明,绿量大小与影响因素基本呈线性关系且相关系数R在0.9以上,这就说明其具有极强的相关性。对龄级级相同的乔木而言,悬铃木、白蜡、臭椿、国槐、银杏、樱花、白皮松、侧柏、紫薇、蔷薇、大叶黄杨等相对较大的。在进行城市绿化时,要选择常绿树种配以落叶树种,不仅要考虑绿地的植物配置和空间结构,还要考虑到树种的选择和苗木规格大小的选择,宜多选择绿量较大的树种。如悬铃木、银杏、泡桐、雪松、侧柏、大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨、紫叶小檗、迎春、连翘等为主。这样可以在改善城市环境问题、发展城市景观效益的前提下,并且在一定程度上把城市绿量创造到最大值。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional green quantity can make up the deficiency of traditional two-dimensional greening index, reflect exactly whether the composition of green space plant is reasonable or not and evaluate the ecological benefit level of green space system effectively. At present, many countries focus on the greening quantitative indicators. In this paper, 60 common greening trees with different plant height, crown width, age grade and DBH were selected from the main streets, park plots and school plots in Baoding City, and 60 common greening trees with different plant height, crown width, different age grade and different DBH were selected as the research objects in each sample plot. Different growth factors were determined by nondestructive direct measurement. According to the formula: tree green quantity = green leaf volume green stem volume = leaf area volume V 2 脳 (green leaf volume V 3 per unit volume green stem volume V 4) the green value of different tree species was calculated and the regression equation was established. It provides the basic parameters for the ecological benefit and the reference for the selection and collocation of urban greening tree species. By comparing the green value of different tree species and the difference of influencing factors in the same tree species, the following results were obtained: 1. The canopy structure of tree species affects the green quantity of tree species. The internal structure of different tree species is very different, mainly reflected in the volume of the leafless region inside the crown. These internal structural characteristics make the distribution of green quantity in tree crown uneven, which directly affects the green quantity of tree species. It has been determined that the proportion of leafless areas in the tree species is large: willow, persimmon, Xifu Begonia, Bauhinia, purple-leaf plum, golden-leaf privet, purple leaf berberine, magnolia, rose; the relatively small ones are: Suzuki, white wax, stink, locust, ginkgo, cherry blossom, White Pine, Platycladus orientalis, Violet, Rosa, Poplar, etc. In addition, for different tree species with the same crown volume, there is a great difference in the green amount of trees due to the difference in the volume of the leafless area inside the crown and the characteristics of leaf shape. The length of green period of trees affects the green amount of trees. For the tree species with the same DBH and size, there is a great difference in the green quantity. The green quantity is the coniferous broad-leaved plant, the reason is that the green period of the tree is different, and the growth parameters of each leaf of the tree are also different. The phytoplankton is divided into two categories, the evergreen plant green period is 365 days, and the deciduous plant green period is about 220 days. 3. Plant age, DBH, plant height and crown width affect the green quantity of tree species. The results showed that the green quantity had a linear relationship with the influencing factors and the correlation coefficient R was more than 0.9, which indicated that it had a strong correlation. For the trees of the same age grade, the relatively larger ones are the hanging Suzuki, the wax, the stink, the national locust, the ginkgo, the cherry blossom, the white skin pine, the Platycladus orientalis, the violet, the rose, the big leaf yellow poplar and so on. In urban greening, it is necessary to choose evergreen tree species with deciduous tree species, not only to consider the plant configuration and spatial structure of green space, but also to consider the selection of tree species and the size of seedlings. Such as Suzuki, Ginkgo, Paulownia, Cedar, Platycladus orientalis, Poplar, Poplar, Purple, Yingchun, Forsythia and so on. Under the premise of improving the urban environmental problems and developing the urban landscape benefit, the urban green quantity can be created to the maximum value to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S731.2

【参考文献】