基于地形梯度的怀来县土地利用景观格局变化及优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 20:39

本文选题：地形梯度 + 土地利用景观格局　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地利用景观格局剧烈的变化会对区域生态系统的结构和功能造成一定影响,地形是山区土地利用景观格局形成和变化的重要自然限制因子。以往的土地资源优化配置研究多以经济效益最大化为目标,关注土地数量结构分配问题,忽视了空间格局因素对生态过程产生的影响,格局的形成和发展是在自然和社会因子双重作用下从空间结构和数量结构所表现出来的。本研究以地形与土地利用之间的关系为切入点,以典型冀西北间山盆地区怀来县为研究区,对研究区1993、2003、2013年三期遥感影像进行处理,利用土地动态度、信息图谱、景观格局指数等对怀来县1993-2013年期间的土地利用景观变化特征及格局进行系统的分析,并应用logistic回归模型分析了土地利用景观格局变化的驱动力;探讨了地形与土地利用景观格局之间的关系,划分了相应的景观主导类型梯度区;运用最小累积阻力模型构建了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分,并对生态节点重要性进行了评价,划分出相应的土地利用景观优化布局分区。通过研究,可以得出以下结论:(1)1993-2013年间,怀来县土地利用景观格局变化呈现破碎化程度上升,连通性呈现下降的趋势,土地利用景观格局的稳定性在降低。六种地类的斑块密度呈现上升趋势,平均斑块面积呈现降低趋势,各地类的破碎化程度均升高。建设用地斑块面积不断扩大,造成耕地等竞争优势较弱的景观类型的斑块面积减少,景观整体的异质性和破碎化程度在上升,少数斑块类型对景观的控制作用日益凸显,景观生态连通度降低,制约了区域生态流的畅通。驱动力分析显示,经济发展是怀来县土地利用变化的主要原因,地形因素则是土地利用变化方向的主要限制因素。研究区六种地类的分布受到地均纯收入和人口密度的影响较大,社会经济因素是各地类分布的主要影响因素。(2)研究区土地利用景观格局变化在地形因子的作用下呈现一定地形梯度性。在较低级别的高程、坡度及地形起伏度级别区域,与人类生产生活密切的城乡建设用地、采矿用地、耕地、园地、水域分布面积较大,且这5种地类分布指数的优势位均分布在较低的地形级别上,而林地、草地和其他土地则主要分布在较高地形级别的区域,较高的地形级别限制了人类的开发利用,加之生态保护的需要,使其起到了主要的生态屏障作用。土地利用景观格局的空间异质性与地形存在着典型相关性。水域和林地的景观格局指数相似,水域主要分布于河湖盆地地区,林地主要分布在山地地区,这两种地类集中连片,景观异质性较低;而主要分布在平原和丘陵过渡地区的城乡建设用地、采矿用地、耕地、园地等景观破碎化程度较高,异质性较高。CCA的分析结果显示地形因子第1排序轴与景观格局指数特征第1排序轴的相关系数达到0.671,表明土地利用景观格局与高程、坡度等地形因子存在着典型的相关性。(3)构建了研究区土地利用景观生态网络,确定了土地利用景观优化布局分区。怀来县生态服务功能强度呈现明显的地形差异性,生态服务功能最强的区域分布于怀来县中部盆地,其中官厅水库是该区域景观生态功能的核心;其次是分布于怀来县南北两侧山地地区的林地景观,该区域植被资源丰富多样且集中连片,对于区域景观生态服务功能产生着重要影响作用;景观生态服务功能较弱的区域主要位于平原区人类活动活跃的地区及未利用地较多的山地丘陵地区。利用最小阻力模型,提取出研究区的生态廊道和生态节点,并利用d IIC和d PC评价了生态节点的重要程度,从而有效地构建了研究区的景观生态网络,并反映生态关键区对景观生态流的影响程度。针对构建的景观生态网络,在综合研究区地形地貌特征、景观生态功能强度分布等因素的基础上,确定了土地利用景观优化布局分区,可以为该地区土地利用生态优化配置提供指导借鉴。
[Abstract]:The dramatic changes in the landscape pattern of land use will have a certain influence on the structure and function of the regional ecosystem. The terrain is an important natural limiting factor for the formation and change of the landscape pattern of the land use in the mountain area. The formation and development of the pattern are manifested by the spatial structure and the quantity structure under the dual role of natural and social factors. The study takes the relationship between terrain and land use as the breakthrough point, and the research area of Huailai County in the typical Northwest Mountain basin area, and the study area 1. The 99320032013 year three period remote sensing images were processed, and the land use landscape change characteristics and pattern of Huailai county were systematically analyzed by land dynamics, information atlas and landscape pattern index, and the driving force of the change of land use landscape pattern was analyzed with the logistic regression model, and the terrain and soil were discussed. By using the relationship between landscape patterns, the corresponding landscape dominant type gradient zones are divided, and the ecological sources, ecological corridors and ecological nodes are constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the importance of ecological nodes is evaluated, and the corresponding optimal layout of the land use landscape can be divided. Through the study, it can be obtained. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) during the 1993-2013 years, the landscape pattern of land use changes in Huailai County rose, the connectivity showed a declining trend, the stability of the landscape pattern of land use decreased. The patch density of six kinds of land types showed an upward trend, the average patch surface product showed a decreasing trend, and the fragmentation degree of all kinds of land-use types increased. The patch area of the construction land is expanding continuously, resulting in the decrease of the patch area of the landscape types, such as the weak competitive advantage of the cultivated land, the increase of the heterogeneity and fragmentation of the landscape, the control effect of the minority patch types on the landscape, the decrease of the landscape ecological connectivity and the unimpeded regional ecological flow. The driving force analysis shows that Economic development is the main reason for the change of land use in Huailai county. The terrain factor is the main limiting factor of the change direction of land use. The distribution of six types of land in the study area is influenced by the land average income and population density, and the social and economic factors are the main influencing factors of the distribution of various types of land. (2) the landscape pattern of land use in the study area In the lower level, slope and topographic fluctuation level, the distribution area of urban and rural construction land, mining land, cultivated land, garden land and water area are larger in lower level elevation, slope and topographic relief level, and the dominant positions of these 5 types of land distribution index are distributed at lower topographic level. On the other hand, woodland, grassland and other land are mainly distributed in high terrain areas. Higher topographic levels restrict the development and utilization of human beings, and the needs of ecological protection make it a major ecological barrier. There is a typical correlation between spatial heterogeneity and topography of land use landscape pattern. Water and woodland. The landscape pattern index is similar, the water area is mainly distributed in the river lake basin area, the woodland is mainly distributed in the mountain area. The two kinds of land are concentrated in the area, and the landscape heterogeneity is low; and the urban and rural construction land is mainly distributed in the plain and the hilly region, the mining land, the cultivated land, the garden land and so on are higher, and the heterogeneity is higher.CCA. The results show that the correlation coefficient of the topographic factor first and the landscape pattern index characteristics of the first sort axis is 0.671, indicating that there is a typical correlation between the landscape pattern of the land use and the topographic factors such as elevation and slope. (3) the ecological network of land use landscape in the study area is constructed, and the optimal layout of the land use landscape is determined. The intensity of ecological service function in Lai county shows obvious topographic difference. The strongest area of ecological service is distributed in the central basin of Huailai county. Guanting reservoir is the core of the landscape ecological function of the region, followed by the woodland landscape in the north and south mountainous regions of Huailai County, and the vegetation resources are rich and diverse and concentrated in the region. It has an important impact on the regional landscape ecological service function, and the region with weak landscape ecological service function is mainly located in the area of active human activities in the plain area and the hilly areas which have not been used more. Using the minimum resistance model, the ecological corridor and ecological nodes of the study area are extracted, and the D IIC and D PC are used to evaluate the area. The importance of ecological node, thus effectively constructing the landscape ecological network in the study area, and reflecting the impact of the ecological key area on the landscape ecological flow. On the basis of the landscape ecological network constructed, the land use landscape optimization is determined on the basis of the topography and geomorphic features of the comprehensive study area and the intensity distribution of the landscape ecological function. Layout zoning can provide guidance and reference for ecological optimization of land use in this area.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

【参考文献】