以非点源污染控制为目标导向的湖泊缓冲带范围规划方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 18:59

本文选题：湖泊缓冲带 + GIS　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：湖泊富营养化现象屡见不鲜,引起了社会的高度关注。如何有效防治非点源污染对湖泊水体的危害一直是近几年的研究热点。湖泊缓冲带规划是对湖泊及周边环境的专项规划,是为了更好地保护湖泊水体,从湖泊管理角度划定的,缓解或减轻人类活动对湖泊水环境和生态系统的破坏、干扰和污染的隔离生境。湖泊缓冲带对于防治面源污染、减缓湖泊生态环境恶化、修复生态系统具有重要的意义和作用,已引起学术界和管理部门的高度重视。构建湖泊缓冲带,范围是需要考虑的重要问题。范围太小,不能起到良好的效果,范围太大又会导致资源的浪费。鉴于我国土地资源的紧缺和社会发展的需要,如何为缓冲带确定一个科学合理的范围已经是湖泊缓冲带规划的首要难题。本项研究在深刻剖析湖泊缓冲带的内涵和作用机制的基础上,充分考虑缓冲地内的土地利用、自然环境、功能定位、管理水平和社会支持程度等因素对缓冲带范围的影响,以非点源污染负荷的最终入湖量为控制目标,制定出一套湖泊缓冲带范围划定的方法体系,并且在太湖竺山湾进行了实际应用。该方法体系结合了非点源污染负荷输出模型、湖泊水环境承载力模型、物种面积曲线和Arc GIS技术,具有坚实的科学基础,是湖泊缓冲带规划工作的一大进步。本文具有如下创新点:率先在国内进行了流域尺度上的湖泊缓冲带规划研究,建立了一套针对缓冲带范围规划技术和流程,并运用在太湖竺山湾的缓冲带规划评估中;研究方法中运用景观生态学和水文学原理进行受纳水体非点源污染危险性评价,识别非点源污染关键源区,以此来指示缓冲带的范围,为湖泊缓冲带的规划提供了新的方法和思路。本文取得的主要成果如下:(1)基于GIS平台,利用河流网络分析和流域单元分析技术分析了非点源污染“源”、“汇”景观空间分布格局对受纳水体的影响。(2)研究出一种湖泊缓冲带范围规划方法体系,以小流域单元做为研究对象,从非点源污染物的产生和迁移两方面来分析各流域单元对湖泊水环境的影响程度,利用原地产污和距离权重分析方法对受纳水体进行了非点源污染危险性评价,以此来确定缓冲带的合理分布。(3)总结大量文献,用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各土地利用斑块的产污权重。(4)利用文中建立的方法体系,在竺山湾进行了实证研究,确定了竺山湾的缓冲带范围。
[Abstract]:Lake eutrophication is a common phenomenon, which has aroused great concern of the society. How to effectively prevent and control the harm of non-point source pollution to lake water has been a hot research topic in recent years. Lake buffer zone planning is a special plan for lake and its surrounding environment, which is designed to better protect lake water bodies, and to mitigate or mitigate the damage caused by human activities to lake water environment and ecosystem from the point of view of lake management. A segregated habitat that interferes with and pollutes. Lake buffer zone plays an important role in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, slowing down the deterioration of lake ecological environment, and restoring ecosystem, which has attracted great attention from academia and management departments. The scope of lake buffer zone is an important problem to be considered. The scope is too small to have a good effect, and too large will lead to waste of resources. In view of the shortage of land resources and the need of social development, how to determine a scientific and reasonable range of buffer zones has become the primary problem in the planning of lake buffer zones. On the basis of deeply analyzing the connotation and mechanism of lake buffer zone, this study fully considered the influence of land use, natural environment, function orientation, management level and social support on the buffer zone. Taking the final inflow of non-point source pollution load as the control target, a set of method system for the determination of lake buffer zone was developed and applied in Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake. This method system combines non-point source pollution load output model, lake water environment carrying capacity model, species area curve and Arc GIS technology. It has a solid scientific foundation and is a great progress in the planning of lake buffer zone. The innovation of this paper is as follows: firstly, the lake buffer zone planning on watershed scale is studied in China, and a set of buffer zone planning techniques and processes are established, which are applied in the buffer zone planning evaluation of Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake; Landscape ecology and hydrology principles are used to evaluate the risk of non-point source pollution in water bodies, and the key sources of non-point source pollution are identified to indicate the range of buffer zone. It provides a new method and thought for the planning of lake buffer zone. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the GIS platform, the "source" of non-point source pollution is analyzed by using river network analysis and watershed unit analysis technology. The influence of "sink" landscape spatial distribution pattern on the receiving water body. (2) A kind of lake buffer zone range planning method system is developed. The small watershed unit is taken as the research object. The influence degree of each watershed unit on lake water environment is analyzed from two aspects of the generation and migration of non-point source pollutants, and the non-point source pollution risk assessment is carried out by using the original real estate pollution and distance weight analysis method. In order to determine the reasonable distribution of buffer zone, a large number of literatures are summarized, and the weight of pollution production of each land use patch is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method system established in this paper is used to carry out an empirical study in Zhushan Bay. The range of buffer zone in Zhushan Bay is determined.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

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