湄洲岛植物群落现状分析与利用

发布时间：2018-05-01 02:00

本文选题：湄洲岛 + 植物群落　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：湄洲岛是海上和平女神妈祖的故乡,闻名遐迩的妈祖文化的发源地,有着得天独厚的滨海资源,先后被评为国家旅游度假区,全国绿化百佳县(区)、全国绿化模范县和国家AAAA级旅游区、湄洲妈祖文化生态保护实验区,中国生态文明示范基地,国家海洋公园,是福建省十大旅游品牌之一。但是,湄洲岛园林树种的选择以及园林植物群落的配置随意性大,在绿化植物种类选择、植物配置、营造和养护管理中,缺乏合理的定位、长远的考虑和科学规划,出现了苗木选种、植物群落配置不到位等情况。植物群落是园林植物景观的组成部分,是园林绿地系统生态功能的基础,也是园林绿化发展水平的重要标志,构建科学合理的植物群落结构能促进园林植物景观高效、健康和稳定的发展,因此,研究湄洲岛植物群落现状对湄洲岛园林绿化的可持续发展及建设旅游生态岛具有重要意义。对湄洲岛整个岛域采用典型样地调查,选择具有代表性的典型地段设立样地进行样方调查,调查样地有湄洲岛主要道路植物景观群落、公园、休憩地、景点及自然生态园,记录所调查用地所有植物(包括乔木、灌木、地被、藤本)、群落中植物的数量(乔木、灌木按株统计,地被按面积统计)、以及各个植物景观群落在一年四季的现状表现,并对所调查地点的特色部分进行实地拍摄。收集整理材料,总结统计出植物种类、群落结构与配置方式。通过一年四季植物群落的表现以及季相变化,采用统计分析方法,分别计算出物种丰富度(S)、频度(F)。收集相关文献资料并整理,咨询请教资深园林专家,分析出湄洲岛植物群落现状。对湄洲岛现有植物种类应用现状和植物群落配置方式进行调查分析,总结出了湄洲岛植物群落存在问题与缘由。(1)问题:群落现状总体表现不佳,种植树种结构单一,品种不够丰富,彩叶树种、开花树种与观赏树种运用少,植物间的群落关系树种组成简单,配置结构单调,选配不合理,植物种植层次不明显,植物景观季相性不明显,景观单调,稳定性较差,花化、美化、彩化、香化不足。(2)缘由:自然环境条件恶劣、园林规划与监督管理制度存在缺陷、园林绿化专业技术力量薄弱、园林植物病虫害严重、园林绿化资金投入不足、人为主观因素影响。结合湄洲岛植物群落研究结果的相关问题,针对湄洲岛植物群落发展,提出以下几点对策:(1)改善地域环境条件等不利因素措施;(2)完善园林绿化保护政策和落实管理制度;(3)加强园林绿化保护宣传力度;(4)增强园林养护管理;(5)加大园林绿化资金投入;(6)形成色彩丰富与季相明显的园林植物景观。通过对湄洲岛植物群落的现状分析,提出了湄洲岛植物群落的发展对策,为湄洲岛植物选择和植物群落结构优化提供科学依据,提高海岛绿地植物群落构建水平,并为今后园林绿化项目建设提供规划设计意见和经验指导,以塑造出优美的海岛特色植物景观。
[Abstract]:Meizhou Island is the hometown of the goddess of peace at sea Ma Zu, the birthplace of the famous Ma Zu culture, with its unique coastal resources, and has been named the National Tourism Resort area one after another. One of the top ten tourism brands in Fujian Province is the national green Baijia county, the national green model county and the national AAAA tourism area, the Ma Zu culture ecological protection experimental area of Meizhou, the demonstration base of Chinese ecological civilization, and the National Ocean Park. However, the choice of garden tree species in Meizhou Island and the allocation of garden plant communities are arbitrary, and there is a lack of reasonable positioning, long-term consideration and scientific planning in greening plant species selection, plant allocation, construction and conservation management. Seedling selection, plant community allocation is not in place and so on. Plant community is an integral part of garden plant landscape, the basis of ecological function of garden green space system, and an important symbol of the development level of garden greening. The construction of scientific and reasonable plant community structure can promote the efficiency of garden plant landscape. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the present situation of plant communities in Meizhou Island for the sustainable development of garden greening in Meizhou Island and the construction of tourism ecological island. A typical plot survey was carried out on the whole Meizhou Island, and sample plots were selected to establish typical plots. The sample plots included plant landscape communities, parks, open areas, scenic spots and natural ecological parks on the main roads of Meizhou Island. All plants (including trees, shrubs, ground cover, vines), the number of plants in the community (Arbor, shrub by plant, land cover by area) and the present situation of each plant landscape community in the four seasons of the year were recorded. And the site of the investigation of the characteristics of the shooting. Collecting and finishing materials, summing up the plant species, community structure and configuration. Based on the characteristics and seasonal changes of plant communities in the four seasons of the year, the species richness and frequency were calculated by means of statistical analysis. Collect the relevant literature and collate, consult the senior garden experts, analyze the present situation of Meizhou island plant community. The present situation of plant species application and plant community allocation in Meizhou Island were investigated and analyzed. The existing problems and reasons of plant community in Meizhou Island were summarized: the present situation of the community was not good, and the structure of plant species was single. The species are not rich enough, colorful leaf tree species, flowering tree species and ornamental tree species are used less, the community relationship between plants is simple, the configuration structure is monotonous, the selection is unreasonable, the plant planting level is not obvious, the plant landscape season phase is not obvious. The reasons for the monotony of landscape, poor stability, flower, beautification, color and fragrance are: the natural environment is poor, the system of landscape planning and supervision and management is defective, the technical strength of landscape greening is weak, and the plant diseases and insect pests are serious. The garden afforest fund investment is insufficient, the artificial subjective factor influence. Based on the research results of Meizhou Island plant community, the development of Meizhou island plant community is discussed. Put forward the following countermeasures: 1) improve the regional environmental conditions and other unfavorable factors measures: 2) improve the policy of landscape protection and implementation of the management system 3) strengthen the publicity of landscape protection and 4) strengthen the management of garden maintenance and management 5) increase the green garden A rich color and seasonal landscape of garden plants was formed. Based on the analysis of the present situation of plant communities in Meizhou Island, the development countermeasures of plant communities in Meizhou Island were put forward, which could provide scientific basis for plant selection and community structure optimization in Meizhou Island, and improve the construction level of plant communities in island green land. It also provides planning and design advice and experience guidance for the construction of landscape greening projects in the future, in order to create a beautiful plant landscape with island characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688

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