景观湖泊湖湾区水环境特征及喷泉复氧技术效能研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:15

本文选题：湖泊 + 湖湾区　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：湖泊是陆地水圈的重要组成部分,是流域物质的储存库。我国湖泊水环境状况不容乐观,处于富营养化的湖泊数量约占湖泊总个数的43.7%。深水湖库夏季出现水温分层现象,底层溶解氧较低,导致内源释放,容易引起水体的富营养化。为改善水体分层时底层缺氧的状况开发了多种曝气方式,但都不适用于景观水体。重庆市园博园龙景湖听雨桥湖湾水力条件差,夏季存在水温分层现象,底部水体溶解氧低引起内源释放,为水体的富营养化提供了条件。综合龙景湖听雨桥湖湾水质特征和园博园的景观要求设计了一种喷泉高度、吸水深度可调的复氧喷泉。目前,对喷泉复氧技术的研究只处于初步阶段没有进行深入的探索。因此,该文针对复氧喷泉的安装、运行方式及喷泉安装湖湾区的水环境进行了初步的研究。试验内容和结论如下:①对重庆市园博园龙景湖听雨桥湖湾水环境年际变化特征进行了监测,结果表明,春夏季湖湾水体透明度在0.5m左右,综合富营养化指数在58以上,水体处于轻度富营养化状态;秋冬季透明度升高到0.8m以上,最高可达2m,综合富营养化指数在45以下,水体处于中营养或贫营养状态。透明度与综合富营养化指数呈现显著的负相关关系(相关系数为-0.91,R2为0.80)。②对听雨桥湖湾溶解氧饱和度的月变化特征以及水温分层跟溶解氧分层的关系进行了研究。结果表明,溶解氧饱和度呈现出明显的季节性差异,夏季高冬季低,夏季表层水体的溶解氧饱和度呈现出超饱和状态,最大可达220%,冬季DO饱和度在48%~50%之间没有达到饱和状态;水体的垂向监测结果表明,夏季溶解氧饱和度表层高底层低,存在明显的分层现象,冬季溶解氧饱和度分层现象消失,表层底层差异不大;水温分层会导致水体中溶解氧的分层,水温分层梯度小于溶解氧分层梯度,听雨桥湖湾水温分层的临界温度为25℃,而溶解氧分层的临界值为24℃。③对龙景湖听雨桥湖湾水环境因子的相关性进行理论分析研究,结果表明,溶解氧同电导率呈显著的指数相关,同p H、氧化还原电位(ORP)呈显著的正相关。湖湾水体各层总氮总磷呈现显著的正相关,但是同叶绿素a的相关性不显著,水体富营养化受到水体中多种环境因子的影响。④结合前期试验研究继续开展对听雨桥湖湾喷泉安装运行方式的研究,结果表明,喷头宜选择复氧效果好的礼花喷头;喷泉高度,春夏季宜选择0.5m,不宜过高,符合景观要求即可,秋冬季宜选择3.0m;吸水深度,春夏季宜选择5~7m,吸水口宜在中下层水体,不宜过深接触到底泥,秋冬季吸水深度对复氧效果影响较小,但从对水体扰动角度考虑,建议吸水深度在表层1m以下;从复氧效果和节能效果综合考虑建议运行时间为,夏季:上午9:00~11:00,下午13:00~17:00,冬季:上午9:00~11:30,下午15:00~18:00,在此时间段内,可根据实际情况在适当的时间段内关闭复氧设备。⑤对听雨桥湖湾喷泉的复氧范围进行了分析,听雨桥湖湾喷泉为直线型长40m,单排布置,测试结果表明,喷泉服务面积为70m×120m,可基本覆盖整个听雨桥湖湾。喷泉服务范围内的DO比复氧范围外的DO提高了1mg/L,提高了约40%。通过对湖湾喷泉安装运行方式试验研究,得到一套适用于类似听雨桥湖湾水体的喷泉复氧技术设计与运行维护方案,为景观水体采用喷泉复氧技术提供指导和依据。对湖湾水体水环境因子、水体水质改善效果的研究分析,为进一步研究喷泉复氧机理、营养盐的释放与预防抑制湖湾的富营养化提供了一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Lake is an important part of the land water circle and the storage of material in the basin. The condition of the lake water environment in China is not optimistic. The water temperature stratification in the 43.7%. deepwater lake reservoir of the total number of eutrophic lakes accounts for the total number of lakes in summer, and the low dissolved oxygen at the bottom leads to the endogenous release and the eutrophication of the water body. A variety of aeration methods have been developed in the stratification of good water bodies, but all of them are not suitable for landscape water. The hydraulic conditions of the lake bay of the Dragon Jinghu Lake in Chongqing city garden are poor. There are water temperature stratification in the summer, and the low dissolved oxygen in the bottom water causes the internal release of the water, which provides the conditions for the eutrophication of the water body. The characteristics of water quality in the Bay and the landscape of Garden Expo Garden require the design of a kind of fountain with high water fountain and adjustable water absorption. At present, the research on the technology of fountain reoxygenation is not deeply explored at the initial stage. Therefore, this article is preliminary to the installation of the reoxygen fountain, the operation mode and the water environment of the fountain installation in the lake bay area. The contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) monitoring the interannual variation characteristics of the water environment of the Lake Bay Lake Bay, Chongqing Garden Expo Garden. The results show that the water transparency of the lake bay is about 0.5m in spring and summer, the comprehensive eutrophication index is above 58, the water body is in a mild eutrophication state, and the transparency in autumn and winter is higher than 0.8m. As high as 2m, the comprehensive eutrophication index is below 45, and the water body is in medium or poor nutrition state. Transparency has a significant negative correlation with the comprehensive eutrophication index (the correlation coefficient is -0.91, R2 is 0.80). The results show that the dissolved oxygen saturation shows a distinct seasonal difference, the high winter low in summer, the super saturation of the dissolved oxygen in the surface water body in summer, up to 220%, the saturation of DO in winter is not saturated with 48%~50%, and the vertical monitoring result of water body shows that the surface of dissolved oxygen saturation in summer is high. The stratification of dissolved oxygen in the surface of water is different. The stratification of water temperature will lead to the stratification of dissolved oxygen in the water body, the gradient of water temperature is less than the gradient of dissolved oxygen, and the critical temperature of water temperature stratification is 25 C, while the critical value of dissolved oxygen stratification is 24. The theoretical analysis of the correlation of water environmental factors in the long Jinghu Lake Bay Lake Bay shows that there is a significant exponential correlation between dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, and there is a significant positive correlation with P H and ORP. The total nitrogen total phosphorus in all layers of lake bay water shows a significant positive correlation, but the correlation with chlorophyll a is not significant, and the eutrophication of water body is not significant. The effect of various environmental factors in the water body. (4) the study on the installation and operation of the fountain in the Hu Wan Bay is carried out by the previous study. The results show that the sprinkler should choose the good reoxygenation effect. The fountain height and the spring and summer season should choose 0.5m, which should not be too high and meet the requirements of the landscape. In autumn and winter, it is appropriate to choose 3.0m; water absorption is suitable for the autumn and winter season. In depth, 5~7m should be selected in spring and summer season. The water absorption mouth should be in the middle and lower water bodies, not too deep to contact the bottom mud. In autumn and winter, the water absorption depth has little effect on the reoxygenation effect. But from the angle of water disturbance, it is suggested that the depth of water absorption is below the surface 1m; the proposed operation time is considered from the effect of reoxygenation and the energy saving effect, in summer: 9:00~11:00 in the morning. At noon 13:00~17:00, winter: 9:00~11:30 in the morning and 15:00~18:00 in the afternoon, the reoxygenation equipment can be closed within the appropriate time period according to the actual conditions. 5. The reoxygenation range of the fountain in the YYu Bridge Lake Bay is analyzed. The fountain of YYu Bridge Lake Bay is a linear long 40m and a single row arrangement. The test results show that the service area of the fountain is 70m * 120 M can basically cover the whole hearing of rain Bridge Lake Bay. The DO in the range of fountain service increases 1mg/L than DO outside the reoxygenation range. It improves about 40%. through the experimental study on the installation operation of the lake bay fountain, and obtains a set of design and operation maintenance scheme for the fountain reoxygenation technology suitable for the water of the lake bay, which is similar to the rain Bridge Lake Bay, and uses the fountain complex for the landscape water body. The study and analysis of the water environmental factors of Lake Bay and the effect of water quality improvement provide a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of the reoxygenation of the fountain, the release of nutrients and the prevention and suppression of the eutrophication of the lake bay.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

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