佛山市基塘景观破碎化动力机制及其模拟

发布时间：2018-05-19 22:07

本文选题：佛山 + 基塘　；参考：《东华理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：基塘是珠三角地区人们利用当地河流冲击和水网密布的自然条件而创造的一种独有的土地利用方式,而佛山市是传统基塘的发源地,在高速城市化和经济快速发展的背景下,以基塘为研究对象,以佛山市为研究区域,以景观生态学的理论为研究基础理论,利用遥感技术和地理信息系统,对佛山市基塘景观破碎化的现状、动态变化过程及其驱动力进行分析,并利用CA模拟对基塘的变化进行模拟,为该区域生态服务功能的延续、农业生态系统的恢复和区域生态经济的可持续发展提供参考,进而提出该区域基塘景观格局优化的措施。研究以佛山基塘Landsat TM影像和2011年的Quickbird卫星遥感数据为基础资料,结合佛山市统计年鉴,借助ERDADS软件软件对遥感数据进行解译,利用ARCGIS平台整合出佛山1990、2000、2011年的土地利用现状图,作为分析的基础资料,把地类分为6大类,建设景观基塘景观破碎化评价指标体系,利用ARCGIS和Fragstats3.3软件,进行研究区域景观破碎化评价,应用spss软件的回归分析,进一步对基塘景观破碎化的驱动机制进行分析。在此基础上,利用Geo SOS软件对整个地区的1990~2020年的土地利用变化情况进行模拟,从而为今后的规划设置提供思路。结果表明:(1)1990-2011年,佛山市基塘面积呈现先增长再减少趋势,1990年的面积是101351.11hm2,2000年是103823.49 hm2,2011年是76308.81 hm2。(2)1990年和2000年基塘的重心都落在顺德区,但2000基塘的重心向北方偏移,2011年变化较大,基塘的重心落在三水区。南海区、禅城区和顺德区的主要景观类型都由耕地变成了建设用地。(3)从佛山市土地利用类型转移矩阵可以看出,1990-2000年,佛山市基塘和耕地主要流向建设用地,耕地有一部分向基塘转移,建设用地转移量较小。基塘流入面积最大的是耕地,建设用地的主要流入面积来源是基塘、耕地和林地。(4)1990年和2011年,各地类破碎度都加剧,其中建设用地的破碎化程度最高,林地在该区域呈现出集中连片的分布状况,耕地斑块的形状复杂程度高,边缘密度最大的为耕地,表明耕地受到人为影响较大,平均最近邻近距离最大的为耕地,表明耕地斑块间距离较远。(5)佛山市基塘景观破碎化程度呈现出明显的区域差异,分区域看,三水区、南海区、禅城区、顺德区和高明区的破碎度与佛山市整体破碎度趋于一致,其中顺德区和高明区的破碎度最小,为0.001,禅城区的破碎度最大为0.008;2011年三水区、南海区、禅城区、顺德区和高明区的破碎度都增大了10倍左右,其中南海区的破碎度最小,为0.01,破碎度最大的区是高明区,是0.07.(6)在城镇化、工业化的大背景下,对基塘的完整性和集中连片分布产生一定的影响,导致基塘的破碎化,还有在农民比较利益的双重影响下,导致基塘破碎化的产生。对佛山市基于交通网络和城市的缓冲区分析,可以看出在顺德区、南海区和禅城区三个地区,受到城市、铁路和公路的辐射效应较强,因此这些地区的基塘变化也较为剧烈。(7)用CA模型对基塘景观进行模拟,结果显示2020年基塘面积为44589.39hm2,基塘面积比2011年减少了15.27%。基塘斑块数量增加为5924个,平均斑块面积比上年增加了87.28%,形状指数减少了9.76%,边缘密度减少了16.18%,平均最近邻近距离增加了214%。总体上看,基塘斑块2020年比2011年破碎度减弱。(8)综上可得出基塘可持续利用对策:合理实施土地规划,重点保护基塘景观;加强基塘环境监测,控制生态环境;加强配套设施的改造建设,确保基塘可持续发展;优化基塘景观格局,完善湿地生态服务功能。
[Abstract]:The base pond is a unique land use mode created by people in the Pearl River Delta area using the natural conditions of the impact of the local rivers and the dense water network. Foshan is the origin of the traditional base pond. Under the background of high speed urbanization and rapid economic development, the base pond is the research object, and the Foshan city is the research area, and the landscape ecology is used. In order to study the basic theory and use remote sensing technology and geographic information system, this paper analyzes the present situation of landscape fragmentation in Foshan City, the dynamic change process and its driving force, and simulates the changes of the base pond by CA simulation, which is the continuation of the ecological service function of the region, the restoration of the agricultural ecosystem and the sustainable development of the regional ecological economy. Further development provides reference, and then puts forward the measures to optimize the landscape pattern of the base pond in this region. Based on the Landsat TM image of the Foshan base pond and the data of the 2011 Quickbird satellite remote sensing data, combined with the Foshan statistical yearbook, the remote sensing data is interpreted with the aid of the software software of the ERDADS software, and the ARCGIS platform is used to integrate the Foshan 199020002011. As the basic data of the analysis, the land use status map is divided into 6 major categories, and the landscape fragmentation evaluation index system is constructed. ARCGIS and Fragstats3.3 software are used to evaluate the fragmentation of the landscape, and the regression analysis of SPSS software is used to analyze the driving mechanism of the landscape fragmentation of the base pond. On this basis, Geo SOS software is used to simulate the land use change of the whole region for 1990~2020 years, thus providing ideas for future planning. The results show that: (1) 1990-2011 years, the base area of Foshan city shows a first increase and then decrease trend, the area of 1990 is 101351.11hm22000 year is 103823.49 hm22011 year is 7630. 8.81 hm2. (2) hm2. (2) in 1990 and 2000, the center of the base of the base fell in the Shunde District, but the center of gravity of the 2000 base pool shifted from the north to the north in 2011, and the center of the base of the base fell in the three water area. The main landscape types in the South China Sea, Chancheng and Shunde were transformed from cultivated land to construction land. (3) 199 from the land use transfer matrix of Foshan, 199 0-2000 years, Foshan city base pond and cultivated land mainly flow to the construction land, some of the cultivated land transfer to the base pond, the construction land transfer is small. The largest inflow area of the base pond is cultivated land, the main inflow area of the construction land is the base pond, the cultivated land and the woodland. (4) in 1990 and 2011, the fragmentation of all kinds of land is aggravated, of which the construction land is broken. The degree of forest in the area is the highest, the distribution of concentrated patches in the area, the complexity of the shape of the plough patches is high, the maximum density of the edge is arable land, which indicates that the cultivated land is influenced greatly by human, the average nearest neighbour distance is the largest arable land, which indicates that the patch spacing is far away. (5) the fragmentation degree of the base pond in Foshan shows the degree of fragmentation. There are obvious regional differences. The fragmentation of the Sanshui District, the South China Sea area, the Chancheng District, the Shunde district and the Gaoming District is consistent with the overall fragmentation of Foshan, among which the fragmentation degree of Shunde and Gaoming areas is the smallest, 0.001 and 0.008 in Chancheng, and the breakup in the three water areas, the South China Sea area, Chancheng area, Shunde and Gaoming areas in the three water areas in 2011. The degree is increased by about 10 times, of which the South China Sea area has the smallest breakage, 0.01, the most broken area is the bright area. It is 0.07. (6) in the urbanization and industrialization, which has a certain influence on the integrity and centralized distribution of the base pond, resulting in the breakage of the base pond, and the basic pond under the dual influence of the farmers' comparative interests, leading to the base pond. Based on the traffic network and the city's buffer zone analysis in Foshan, it can be seen that the three regions in Shunde, Nanhai and Chancheng areas have strong radiation effects from cities, railways and highways, so the basic pond changes in these areas are also more intense. (7) the CA model is used to simulate the landscape of the base pond, and the results show the base of the 2020 base. The area of the pond is 44589.39hm2. The area of the base pond is 5924 less than that of the 15.27%. base pond in 2011. The average patch area has increased by 87.28%, the shape index decreased by 9.76%, the edge density decreased by 16.18%, the average nearest neighbour distance increased by 214%., and the base pond patch in 2020 was weaker than that in 2011. (8) fully mechanized. The Countermeasures of sustainable utilization of the basic pond can be obtained: the rational implementation of the land planning, the protection of the landscape of the base pond, the strengthening of the environment monitoring of the base pond, the control of the ecological environment, the strengthening of the reconstruction and construction of the supporting facilities, the sustainable development of the base pond, the optimization of the landscape pattern of the base pond, and the perfection of the ecological service function of the wetland.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.18

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