草原公路驾驶员动态视野搜索范围研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 08:43

本文选题：草原公路 + 模拟驾驶　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：草原公路由于其所处地区社会经济发展水平、地形地貌、道路线形和景观类型等原因,导致其普遍存在直线段长,纵坡小,路域景观单一,途经村镇少,车流量少等问题。这些问题直接反应出在人-车-路这个道路交通系统中,对人的信息刺激少,信息量低,容易使驾驶员产生精神疲劳,不经意提高行车速度,加之由于驾驶疲劳导致驾驶员警觉性下降,判断力降低,行车风险增加,威胁行车安全。研究表明,高达90%的事故都与驾驶员有关。在驾驶员的驾驶过程中视觉提供给驾驶员的交通信息占80%,相关信息是否能被驾驶员捕捉到尤为重要。因此,有必要对驾驶员能够感知的信息范围做出界定。研究驾驶员在不同车速下的动态视野搜索范围可以确定驾驶员获得有效信息的视觉区域,为确定影响驾驶员视野信息的有效景观空间范围打下基础,从而提高行车的安全性,进而从驾驶员角度来预防交通事故的发生。使用驾驶模拟仪在草原公路背景下进行驾驶员的视野搜索范围分析研究,通过多次实验对驾驶员在静止状态下的视野搜索范围和不同车速下的视野搜索范围进行确定,并对不同车速下的驾驶员视野搜索范围进行了回归分析,进而得到以下结论:(1)驾驶员的静态水平视野搜索范围一般在16°～19°,静态水平视野有效搜索范围一般在11°～14°。驾驶员的静态水平视野搜索范围与静态水平有效视野搜索范围平均大约相差5°。(2)驾驶员的静态垂直视野搜索范围一般在15°～17°,静态垂直视野有效搜索范围一般在11°～13°。驾驶员的静态垂直视野搜索范围与静态垂直有效视野搜索范围平均大约相差4°。(3)在车速为60km/h、80km/h、100km/h和120km/h时,驾驶员的水平动态视野搜索范围分别为14.9°、12.7°、10.8°和9.2°;驾驶员的水平动态有效视野搜索范围分别为10°、8°、6.4°和5.1°;驾驶员的垂直动态视野搜索范围分别为14.6°、13.25°、11.65°和9.9°;驾驶员的垂直动态有效视野搜索范围分别为10.95°、10.15°、8.95° 和 7.55°。(4)驾驶员的动态视野搜索范围和动态有效视野搜索范围都与行驶车速线性密切相关。随着行驶车速的增加,驾驶员的动态视野搜索范围和动态有效视野搜索范围都逐渐减小,但水平动态视野搜索范围和水平动态有效视野搜索范围变化率也逐渐减小,而垂直动态视野搜索范围和垂直动态有效视野搜索范围变化率逐渐增大。
[Abstract]:Due to the social and economic development level, landform, road alignment and landscape type of the grassland highway, there are many problems such as long straight section, small longitudinal slope, single road landscape, less passing through villages and towns, less traffic flow and so on. These problems directly reflect that in the human-vehicle-road system, there is little stimulation and low amount of information to people, which can easily cause the driver to produce mental fatigue and inadvertently increase the driving speed. In addition, driving fatigue leads to the decrease of driver's alertness, the decrease of judgment and the increase of driving risk, which threaten the safety of driving. Studies show that up to 90% of accidents are related to drivers. In the driver's driving process, the traffic information provided to the driver by vision is 80%, whether the relevant information can be captured by the driver is particularly important. Therefore, it is necessary to define the range of information that the driver can perceive. The research on the dynamic visual field search range of driver at different speed can determine the visual region where the driver obtains the effective information, and lay a foundation for determining the effective landscape space range that affects the driver's visual field information, thus improving the safety of driving. Then from the driver's point of view to prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents. The driving simulator is used to analyze and study the visual field search range of the driver under the background of the grassland highway, and through many experiments, the visual field search range of the driver under the static state and the visual field search range under different speed are determined. A regression analysis was carried out on the visual field search range of drivers at different speeds, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1) the search range of static horizontal visual field is generally 16 掳to 19 掳, and the effective range of static horizontal visual field is generally 11 掳to 14 掳. The average difference between the static horizontal visual field search range and the static horizontal effective visual field search range is about 5 掳. 2) the driver's static vertical visual field search range is generally 15 掳/ 17 掳, and the static vertical visual field effective search range is generally 11 掳/ 13 掳. The average difference between a driver's static vertical visual field search range and a static vertical effective visual field search range is about 4 掳.) when the speed is 60 km / h, 80 km / h / h, 100 km / h and 120km/h, the average difference between the static vertical visual field search range and the static vertical effective visual field search range is about 4 掳. The search range of horizontal dynamic visual field for driver is 14.9 掳/ 12.7 掳10.8 掳and 9.2 掳, respectively; the search range for driver's horizontal dynamic effective visual field is 10 掳/ 8 掳/ 6.4 掳and 5.1 掳, respectively; the search range for driver's vertical dynamic visual field is 14.6 掳/ 13.25 掳/ 11.65 掳and 9.9 掳respectively. The dynamic visual field search range and the dynamic effective visual field search range of the driver are closely related to the driving speed. The search range of effective visual field is 10.95 掳10.15 掳/ 8.95 掳and 7.55 掳. With the increase of driving speed, the dynamic visual field search range and the dynamic effective visual field search range of the driver are gradually reduced, but the horizontal dynamic visual field search range and the horizontal dynamic effective field search range change rate is gradually reduced. The range of vertical dynamic visual field search and vertical dynamic effective field search range gradually increase.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.25

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