矿业棕地公园景观生态化建构对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 05:26

  本文选题：矿业棕地公园 + 生态化　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：矿业棕地系棕地的一种,指“采矿、选矿和炼矿过程中被破坏或污染的非经治理而无法利用的土地”,被称作人类在地球表面留下的“伤疤”。矿业棕地带来严重生态问题,在西方工业发达国家,100多年前就已经引起了社会各界的关注,生态设计思想也随之产生并发展起来,推动了矿业棕地的研究和设计实践。我国的矿业棕地研究相对落后,生态设计思想的引进也较晚,这归因于我国经济发展的滞后和国土资源方面的制约。80年代以前矿业棕地修复,国家关注的主要是农业用地的复垦,现已大部退耕还林;在矿业棕地生态修复实践中,国家矿山公园是我国为矿业棕地治理提出来的一个概念。当前矿山公园是我国矿业棕地修复的主流模式。党的十八大已经把“生态文明建设”列为国策,矿山公园这样的理论和实践都已不适应时代对矿业棕地生态修复的要求,为此,本文创新性提出矿业棕地公园的概念、设计理念和设计对策。论文首先探讨了生态化建构应遵循的基础理论,提出矿业棕地公园生态化建构的基础理论包括:景观生态学、景观都市主义、生态演替理论。景观生态学为景观生态化建构提供了一种新的研究范式。景观都市主义是建筑师们在围绕后工业时代的种种探索中涌现出来的设计思潮,其中的生态化理念,对后工业景观中大量废弃、污染并存的场地最为适用。本文在此基础上,提出矿业棕地公园景观生态化建构的理论框架。论文在确立景观生态化建构应遵循的基础理论的基础上,进一步提出矿业棕地公园基于景观基础设施的生态建构对策。通过在矿业棕地上“设计生态”,建构人工自然,使其成为多功能的景观基础设施。使景观生态化建构不再仅局限于消极地保护自然空间,而是积极地在设计中寻找更多能形成与自然生态、社会功能和基础设施功能相交集的机会。论文提出了基于景观生态功能的矿业棕地公园景观建构对策。矿业棕地公园景观依修复后的生态功能可归纳为五种类型:(1)人工自然景观斑块;(2)矿业遗址景观斑块;(3)后工业景观斑块;(4)建筑设施景观(娱乐、客服、管理等)斑块;(5)生态廊道网络。由此便可导出矿业棕地公园景观功能的五大结构组分,以便模块化建构。把生态过程纳入棕地景观设计中,建构出一个“人工自然”。论文对矿业棕地公园生态格局的生态化建构策略是,追求生态安全与生存艺术的生态格局。通过生态化格局的建构,使建构过程成为可操作的生态逻辑。论文以湖北省黄石国家矿山公园为例进行实例性生态化建构,在对现存方案评析的基础上,指出其存在的生态问题;提出生态格局改造设计方案;确定景观生态修复目标;做出基于景观基础设施的人工自然的总体格局的生态化建构。论文通过对矿业棕地公园设计研究得出如下创新成果:(1)提出了矿业棕地公园的概念和生态化建构应遵循的基础理论;(2)提出了基于景观基础设施的矿业棕地公园景观建构策略;(3)提出了基于生态功能的矿业棕地公园的景观建构策略;(4)提出了基于生态格局的矿业棕地公园的景观建构策略。本文的研究成果对我国大量存在的矿业棕地的修复和矿业城市的生态文明建设具有实际的指导意义,同时也尝试为棕地景观生态设计理论的研究向新的、纵深发展领域的探索做出积极有益的贡献。
[Abstract]:A kind of brown land, which refers to "the land that has been destroyed or polluted in the process of mining, mineral processing and smelting." it is called the "Scar" left by the earth on the surface of the earth. The mining brown land brings serious ecological problems. In western industrial developed countries, the attention of all walks of life has been aroused more than 100 years ago. The idea of ecological design has also been developed and developed, which has promoted the research and design practice of the mining brown land. The research on the mining brown land in China is relatively backward and the introduction of the ecological design idea is late. This is attributed to the lag of China's economic development and the restriction of the land and resources aspects of the restoration of the mining brown land before the.80 generation. The main concern of the state is that The reclamation of agricultural land has now been returned to the forest, and in the ecological restoration practice of the mining brown land, the National Mine Park is a concept for the management of the mining brown land in China. The current mine park is the mainstream model for the restoration of the mining brown land in China. The eighteen Party's party has already listed "the construction of the raw civilization" as the national policy, and the mine park The theory and practice have not adapted to the requirements for the ecological restoration of the mining brown land. Therefore, this paper innovatively puts forward the concept, design concept and design countermeasures of the mining brown land park. Landscape urbanism, ecological succession theory. Landscape ecology provides a new research paradigm for landscape ecological construction. Landscape urbanism is a design trend of thought emerging from various explorations around the post industrial era. The ecological concept is the most abandoned and polluted sites in the post industrial landscape. On the basis of this, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of the ecological construction of the landscape of the mining brown land park. On the basis of establishing the basic theory that the landscape ecological construction should follow, the paper further puts forward the ecological construction countermeasures based on the landscape infrastructure in the mining palm park. Work and nature make it a multi-functional landscape infrastructure. The landscape ecological construction is no longer limited to the passive protection of the natural space, but is actively looking for more opportunities to form a combination of natural ecology, social functions and infrastructure functions in the design. The paper brings out the mining palm Park Based on the landscape ecological function. Landscape construction countermeasures. The ecological functions of the mining palm park landscape can be summed up in five types: (1) artificial natural landscape patches; (2) landscape patches of mining sites; (3) post industrial landscape patches; (4) patches of architectural landscapes (entertainment, customer service, management, etc.); (5) ecological corridor network. Thus, the landscape function of the mining palm park can be derived. The five major structural components, in order to modularized construction, put the ecological process into the brown landscape design and construct a "artificial nature". The ecological construction strategy for the ecological pattern of the mining brown land park is to pursue the ecological security and the ecological pattern of the art of survival. The thesis takes the National Mine Park of Huangshi, Hubei Province as an example, to construct a case based ecological construction. On the basis of the assessment of the existing schemes, it points out the existing ecological problems, puts forward the design scheme of the ecological pattern transformation, determines the target of the landscape ecological restoration, and makes the overall pattern of artificial nature based on the landscape infrastructure. Through the study of the design of the mining palm Park, the paper draws the following innovative achievements: (1) the concept of the mining palm Park and the basic theory that the ecological construction should be followed; (2) the landscape construction strategy of the mining palm Park Based on the landscape infrastructure is put forward; (3) the view of the mining palm Park Based on the ecological function is put forward. View construction strategy; (4) put forward the landscape construction strategy of mining brown land park based on ecological pattern. The research results of this paper have practical guiding significance for the restoration of mining palm land and the ecological civilization construction of mining cities in China. At the same time, it also tries to develop a new and deep development of the research on the theory of brown ground view ecological design. The exploration of the field has made a positive and beneficial contribution.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.5
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本文编号：1949667