表观污染特征物质及污染水体分类研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 16:02

本文选题：表观污染 + 特征物质　；参考：《苏州科技学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：景观功能是城市水体的主要功能之一，水体表观恶化是影响景观功能的主要原因。表观污染程度不同的水体所呈现的表观效应差异明显，而且在某一类型表观污染水体中，存在呈现高浓度特点且有别于其他类型水体的污染物即特征污染物，通过对这类特征污染物的识别，能够达到表征不同类型表观污染水体的目的。为揭示水体表观污染特性、制定表观污染控制对策提供理论依据，本文以苏州古城区和高新区40多处采样点为研究对象，经历长达近2年的连续水质监测观察，并结合前2年相同位点的监测数据，采用数理统计软件和宏观统计分析方法，识别表观污染水体的特征污染物，并利用表观特征污染物对不同污染类型水体进行分类分析，建立了一种表观污染水体的分类方法，，并验证了该方法的可行性。具体开展了以下工作：（1）对31处采样点所得的约400组监测观察数据进行因子分析，找出了影响水体表观效应的主要污染物，分别为高锰酸盐指数（Im）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）、紫外吸光度（UV254）、硫化物（S2-）、透明度（SD）、浊度和叶绿素a（Chl-a），经分析表明，水体表观污染主要受有机物、悬浮颗粒物、营养盐、藻类等影响。通过宏观数据分析，识别出表观污染水体的特征污染物。另外，分别采用激光粒度仪和高效液相色谱仪测试不同表观污染水体的粒度分布和溶解性有机物的分子量大小，发现水体悬浮物粒径和溶解性有机物分子量均可作为表观污染水体的特征污染物质。（2）运用因子分析数据，进一步定性定量分析表观污染水体中的特征污染物，并结合污染水体的环境影响因素，最终将污染水体分为有机主导型、无机主导型、营养主导型以及混合型这四种类型。采用特征污染物作为主要分类指标，并辅助于其他表观污染影响因子，界定了不同的污染类型。将UV254[S2-]100010cm-1mg·L-1，且Im5mg/L、DO3mg/L的水体界定为有机主导型；浊度/Im5NTU (mgL-1)-1，同时Im5mg/L、浊度25NTU、DO5mg/L水体界定为无机主导型；将Chl-a20μgL-1且浊度/Im5NTU(mgL-1)-1、UV254[S2-]1000＜10cm-1mg·L-1水体界定为营养主导型；其他受表观污染水体则为混合型。（3）利用另外12处为期1年多的定点河道监测数据（采样频率为1次/周），分别从时间和空间角度，将聚类分析法的分类结果与本文所建立分类方法的验证结果作比较，发现两者具有很好的吻合性，从而认为文中建立的分类方法具有一定的可行性和实际应用性。
[Abstract]:Landscape function is one of the main functions of urban water body, and the deterioration of water body is the main reason that affects the landscape function. The apparent effects of water bodies with different degree of apparent pollution are obviously different, and in a certain type of water bodies of apparent pollution, there are pollutants that exhibit high concentration and are different from other types of water bodies, that is, characteristic pollutants. Through the identification of this kind of characteristic pollutants, the purpose of representing different types of apparent polluted water can be achieved. In order to reveal the characteristics of water surface pollution and provide theoretical basis for formulating apparent pollution control measures, this paper takes more than 40 sampling points in Suzhou ancient urban area and high tech zone as the research object, and has experienced continuous monitoring and observation of water quality for nearly 2 years. Combined with the monitoring data of the same site in the previous two years, the characteristic pollutants of the surface polluted water were identified by using the mathematical statistics software and the macroscopic statistical analysis method, and the water bodies of different pollution types were classified and analyzed by using the apparent characteristic pollutants. A classification method of apparent polluted water was established, and the feasibility of the method was verified. In particular, the following work was carried out: 1) Factor analysis was carried out on about 400 groups of observation data collected from 31 sampling sites, and the main pollutants affecting the apparent effect of water were found. The main results were as follows: permanganate index (Iman), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), UV absorbance (UV254N), sulfides (S2-N), transparency (SDN), turbidity and chlorophyll (Chl-Chl-a). The results showed that the apparent pollution of water was mainly affected by organic matter, suspended particulate matter, nutrient salt, algae and so on. The characteristic pollutants of the surface polluted water were identified by macroscopical data analysis. In addition, laser particle size analyzer and high performance liquid chromatograph were used to measure the particle size distribution and molecular weight of dissolved organic matter. It was found that the particle size of suspended matter and the molecular weight of dissolved organic matter could be regarded as characteristic pollutants in the surface polluted water. 2) using factor analysis data to further qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the characteristic pollutants in the surface polluted water body, and combine the environmental influence factors of the polluted water body, and finally divide the polluted water body into organic dominant type and inorganic dominant type. Nutrition-dominated and mixed-type are the four types. Different pollution types were defined by using characteristic pollutants as the main classification index and auxiliary to other apparent pollution factors. UV254 [S2-] 100010cm-1mg L-1 and Im5mg / LDO3mg / L were defined as organic dominant; turbidity / Im5NTU / mgL-1, and turbidity 25NTU / L, turbidity 25NTUDO5mg / L were defined as inorganic dominant; Chl-a20 渭 gL-1 and turbidity ratio Im5NTUmgL-1mg-1 < 10cm-1mg L-1 were defined as nutrient-dominant; other water bodies with apparent pollution were defined as nutrient-dominated. (3) using the monitoring data (sampling frequency of 1 time / week) of 12 other fixed-point river channels for more than one year, the classification results of cluster analysis are compared with the results of verification of the classification method established in this paper from the point of view of time and space, respectively. It is found that the two methods are in good agreement with each other, and it is concluded that the classification method established in this paper is feasible and practical.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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