基于小气候影响因素分析的重庆市商业步行街植物景观探究

发布时间：2018-06-10 05:47

本文选题：商业步行街 + 植物绿量　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国各大城市,城市商业步行街已成为人们日常生活的中心。随着生活质量不断的提高,人们迫切需要一个舒适的外部购物环境,商业步行街不仅为市民提供了购物场所,同时也是人们游憩休闲的地方。无论从购物者还是步行街的工作人员,都希望能有一个良好的步行街环境。步行街不再是单纯的购物场所,同时也是市民休闲、娱乐、乘凉、观景的公共空间。迄今为止,重庆商业步行街大多是以硬质铺装为主,绿量不足。为了研究重庆市商业步行街植物绿化的微气候特征,本文选取了重庆市最具人气的5条商业步行街：渝中区解放碑商业步行街、沙坪坝三峡广场商业步行街、江北观音桥商业步行街、杨家坪商业步行街、南坪商业步行街进行观测研究,这5条步行街都是对应行政区的经济中心,且它们都有一定年限、植物长势良好、相互间距离跨度较大。将选取的5条步行街作为研究对象进行实地微气候观测,同时测量计算出植物绿量,建立步行街植物绿量与步行街的平均温度、湿度的相关性分析,得出重庆市步行街植物绿化的合理指标。根据多次实地调查,将5条商业步行街分别有规律地选出植物多、中、少的样区3个,每个样区面积20m×20m,5条步行街共15个样区。在使用香港希玛数字温湿度计AR867的条件下,分别对每个样区进行温度(T)和湿度(H)的观测,同时观测每个样区附近纯硬质场地的温度(t)和湿度(h)作为对照值,每个样区与其附近纯硬质场地同一时间相对应的温湿度相减得降温效果△T=T-t与增湿效果△H=H-h；再测量得到每个样区植物的绿量(S)；分别做降温效果与植物绿量的函数图像△T/S、增湿效果与植物绿量的函数图像△H/S；根据各个函数图像研究温湿度与植物绿量的相关性,从而得到一定范围内最优的植物绿量。研究表明,重庆市商业步行街微气候与植物绿量有着显著的相关关系,而与步行街乔木绿量的关系最为密切。在20m×20m的范围内,当植物绿量到达750m3～900m3时,植物的降温效果到达最佳；当植物绿量到达800m3时,植物的增湿效果达到最佳。通过计算,要到达温湿度效果都最佳,而又最大限度的节约用地(超过最佳阀值,随着绿量的大幅增加,植物降温增湿的效果只会较平缓的增加,所以大幅增加的绿量只会占用更多步行街面积,而对微气候却没有太大的改观),那么重庆市商业步行街植物三维绿量与步行街面积在数值上的比值应为2：1。在满足三维绿量的条件下,充分利用步行街的光照、阴影、通风、防风来布置植物,将使步行街微气候的改善起到事半功倍的效果。通过对观音桥步行街的实例研究,可以验证运用植物绿量来改善步行街微气候环境的可行性,而且也可以使步行街的景观更加的优美,并为今后重庆市商业步行街的打造以及改造起到借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:In the major cities of China, the city commercial pedestrian street has become the center of people's daily life. With the continuous improvement of the quality of life, people urgently need a comfortable external shopping environment. The commercial pedestrian street not only provides shopping places for citizens, but also is a place for people to relax. Whether shoppers or pedestrian workers, they want to have a good pedestrian street environment. Pedestrian street is no longer a simple shopping place, but also a public space for citizens to relax, entertain, cool and view. Up to now, most of the commercial pedestrian streets in Chongqing are hard-paved, the green volume is insufficient. In order to study the microclimatic characteristics of plant greening in commercial pedestrian street in Chongqing, this paper selects five most popular commercial pedestrian streets in Chongqing: Jiefang Bei Commercial pedestrian Street in Yuzhong District, Commercial pedestrian Street in three Gorges Square in Shapingba. Jiangbei Guanyinqiao Commercial pedestrian Street, Yangjiaping Commercial pedestrian Street, Nanping Commercial pedestrian Street for observation and research, these five pedestrian streets are the economic centers of the corresponding administrative region, and they all have a certain number of years, and the plants are growing well. The distance between each other has a long span. Five pedestrian streets were selected as the research objects to observe the field microclimate, and the plant green quantity was measured and calculated, and the correlation analysis between the plant green quantity and the average temperature and humidity of pedestrian street was established. Get the reasonable index of plant greening in Chongqing pedestrian street. According to many field investigations, the five commercial pedestrian streets were selected from 15 sample areas, each with a sample area of 20 m 脳 20 m, and 3 sample areas with more, medium and less plants. Under the condition of the Hong Kong Sima digital thermometer AR867, the temperature (T) and the humidity (H) of each sample area are observed respectively, and the temperature and humidity of the pure rigid site near each sample area are also observed as the control values. In each sample area, the temperature and humidity corresponding to the same time of the pure rigid site nearby decrease the temperature and humidity to get the cooling effect TTT-t and the humidification effect, the green quantity of the plants in each sample area is measured and the function of the cooling effect and the green quantity of the plant is made respectively. Image T / S, function image of humidification effect and plant green quantity; study the correlation between temperature and humidity and plant green quantity according to each function image. The optimum plant green quantity is obtained in a certain range. The results show that the microclimate of commercial pedestrian street in Chongqing has a significant correlation with the green quantity of plant, but it is most closely related to the green quantity of Arbor in pedestrian street. In the range of 20m 脳 20m, when the green amount of plant reaches 750m3~900m3, the cooling effect of plant reaches the best, and when the green quantity of plant reaches 800m3, the humidification effect of plant reaches the best. By calculation, the effect of temperature and humidity is the best, and the maximum saving of land (above the optimum threshold, with the large increase of green amount, the effect of plant cooling and humidifying will only increase slightly, So the large increase in green volume will only occupy more pedestrian street area, but the microclimate is not much improved, then the value ratio of plant green volume to pedestrian street area in Chongqing commercial pedestrian street should be 2: 1. Under the condition of satisfying the three dimensional green quantity, it is necessary to make full use of the light, shadow, ventilation and windbreak of the pedestrian street to arrange the plants, which will improve the microclimate of the pedestrian street with twice the result with half the effort. Through the case study of Guanyinqiao pedestrian street, we can verify the feasibility of using plant green quantity to improve the microclimate environment of pedestrian street, and can also make the landscape of pedestrian street more beautiful. And for the future building and transformation of commercial pedestrian streets in Chongqing play a reference role.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.13

【参考文献】