南昌市象湖湿地公园景观格局分析及植物景观评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 10:41

本文选题：南昌市 + 象湖　；参考：《江西农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以象湖湿地公园为研究对象,利用Arc Gis软件提取9类景观要素的数据,进行景观格局分析,并在此基础上调查了滨水型植物群落、道路型植物群落、建筑四旁型植物群落及陆域型植物群落这四种类型的植物多样性状况(物种丰富度指数S、香农-威纳Shannon-Wiener、均匀度指数Pielou),并通过构建植物景观评价体系,综合评价象湖湿地公园的植物景观,并对分析了公园植物景观和4种景观单元的植物配置。主要研究成果如下:1、不同景观组分的面积、周长和斑块数目不均衡,以水体景观的斑块数量最少,面积却最大(占57.47%);有林地斑块数最多(609个),也是面积最大(占17.75%)的植物景观类型;功能各异的五个景区共同构成了公园独特的空间格局,廊道密度适中(2.54km/hm2),以水体、有林地和疏林景观为优势斑块;景观斑块的形状格局较简单规整,空间分布格局呈现为8大类型的小景观斑块镶嵌在大景观斑块(即水体)之中,形成了较为完善的绿地系统和优美的园林景观;公园景观多样性指数为4.5765,均匀度指数为0.6066,破碎度指数值为3.9961;,这表明,在今后的景观保护和提升性建设中应增强主导景观的连接性,并注意不同景观类型的均衡性。2、调查的72个样地结果显示,象湖湿地公园共有维管植物94科201属289种,其中,乔:灌:藤本:竹类:草的比为79:90:8:5:107,接近18:18:2:1:22;乡土树种205种,占总物种数70.93%,外来树种84种,占29.07%;共有观花植物119种,观叶植物97种,观姿植物46种,观果植物21种,观干植物7种;象湖湿地公园整体植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.3119,Pielou均匀度指数2.2103,物种数平均值为13.55种;说明该公园的地被花卉类植物更为丰富,凸显了湿地花卉公园的景观特色。但其湿生、水生植物的物种多样性与特色景观的营建技术有待进一步提高。3、应用AHP法从景观生态性、景观观赏性和景观功能性三个方面构建象湖湿地公园的植物景观评价体系。综合评价为一级、二级、三级、四级的植物景观分别为7个(9.72%)、36个(50.00%)、30个(41.67%)、四级3个(4.17%)。四种类型的植物景观整体评分排序为:滨水植群(9.80)陆域植群(9.09)建筑植群(9.04)道路植群(8.84)。4、通过象湖湿地公园植物景观的空间异质性分析及各类型植物群落配置情况的分析可知,象湖湿地公园植物景观仍然存在层次混乱、乡土树种运用不足等现象,并提出应提高树种多样性、强化湖滨绿化景观等相应建议。
[Abstract]:Taking Xianghu Wetland Park as the research object, the data of 9 kinds of landscape elements were extracted by Arc Gis software, and the landscape pattern was analyzed. On this basis, the waterfront plant community and the road type plant community were investigated. The four types of plant diversity (species richness index S, Shannon-Wiener, evenness index Pieloun) were constructed, and the plant landscape evaluation system was constructed. The plant landscape of Xianghu Wetland Park was comprehensively evaluated, and the plant configuration of the park plant landscape and four landscape units were analyzed. The main research results are as follows: (1) the area, perimeter and number of patches of different landscape components are not balanced, and the number of patches in water landscape is the least. But the area is the largest (57.47m); the largest number of woodland patches is 609 and the largest area (17.75cm); the five scenic spots with different functions together constitute the unique spatial pattern of the park. The corridor density is moderate to 2.54 km / hm-2, to water, The landscape of woodland and open forest is the dominant patch, the shape pattern of landscape patch is simple and regular, and the spatial distribution pattern is 8 types of small landscape patch embedded in the large landscape patch (water body). The diversity index of the park landscape is 4.5765, the evenness index is 0.6066, and the fragmentation index is 3.9961g, which indicates that the landscape diversity index of the park is 4.5765, the evenness index is 0.6066, and the fragmentation index is 3.9961g. In the future landscape conservation and promotion construction, the connectivity of dominant landscape should be enhanced, and attention should be paid to the balance of different landscape types. The results of 72 sample plots investigated showed that there were 289 species of vascular plants belonging to 94 families and 201 genera in Xianghu Wetland Park. Joe: shrub: lianas: bamboo: grass: the ratio of grass to grass is 79: 90: 8: 5: 107, close to 18: 18: 2: 1: 22; local tree species 205 species, accounting for the total species 70.933; exotic tree species 84 species, accounting for 29.07; there are 119 flowering plants, 97 leaf plants, 46 attitude plants, 21 fruit plants, 7 dry plants; The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the whole plant in Xianghu Wetland Park is 3.3119 Pielou evenness index 2.2103, and the average species number is 13.55, which indicates that the ground cover plants are more abundant in the park, which highlights the landscape characteristics of the Wetland Flower Park. However, the plant landscape evaluation system of Xianghu Wetland Park should be constructed by using AHP method from three aspects of landscape ecology, landscape appreciation and landscape functionality, which need to be further improved in terms of species diversity of aquatic plants and construction technology of characteristic landscape. 3. The method of AHP is applied to construct the plant landscape evaluation system of Xianghu wetland park from three aspects: landscape ecology, landscape appreciation and landscape functionality. The plant landscape of grade one, two, three and four were 7 9. 722, 36 were 50.00000, 30 were 41.67, and 3 were 4. 17. The total score of plant landscape of four types is: waterfront plant group 9.80) land area vegetation group 9.09) building plant group 9.04) road vegetation group 8.840.4.The spatial heterogeneity of plant landscape in Xianghu Wetland Park and the distribution of various types of plant communities can be seen from the analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of plant landscape and the analysis of plant community allocation of different types. The plant landscape of Xianghu Wetland Park still exists some phenomena such as chaos of hierarchy and lack of use of native tree species. Some suggestions are put forward such as improving the diversity of tree species and strengthening the landscape of lakeside greening.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.5

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