两种观赏草引种及其园林应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 10:43

本文选题：观赏草引种 + 种子萌发　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,人们对生活环境的关注日益加强,城市园林绿化是改善城市生活环境的重要措施。园林绿化作为城市建设的一部分,应当符合时代发展的潮流,目前国家大力提倡构建节约型社会,因而节约型园林作为节约型社会的组成部分理应得到大力发展,尤其在水资源严重短缺的华北地区,如何选择节约型植物材料来组建景观,显得尤为重要。观赏草优良的抗性和质朴自然的气息迎合了目前人们渴望回归自然的心理诉求,符合建设节约型园林的标准,应该得到大力推广。本文研究的主要目的在于通过观赏草引种来增加河北地区的园林植物种类,丰富可供选择的节约型园林植物材料,促使提升和丰富区域园林景观,大力推动节约的、生态的、和谐的现代园林的发展。本研究的主要内容如下:第一,通过发放调查问卷,经过统计、分析数据表明目前民众对观赏草的认知还不深,在园林应用中也存在一些问题,主要有管理不当、了解不深而且应用种类少、应用形式单一和冬季景观性较差;针对这些问题提出了相应的对策和建议,主要有加强宣传推广、加强引种驯化及乡土种类的挖掘、创新配置手法、采取覆盖或间种等措施弥补冬季景观及加强对观赏草的养护管理。第二,通过对墨西哥羽毛草(Nassella tenuissima)和大针茅(Stipa gigantea)的种子萌发特性进行研究,掌握了温度和光照时间对种子萌发的影响及适宜土壤埋深,以便为园林应用提供方便。研究结果表明墨西哥羽毛草的适宜萌发温度在15~20℃之间,大针茅适宜萌发温度在15~25℃之间,昼夜变温可以提高种子发芽率;增加光照时间可以提高种子的发芽率,而且大针茅种子对光照更为敏感;墨西哥羽毛草适宜土壤埋深为0.5cm,大针茅适宜埋深在1cm左右,土壤过深会抑制种子萌发。第三,通过观察这两种观赏草在保定的生长状况和物候期观测,发现墨西哥羽毛草的观赏性状与引种地基本相同,墨西哥羽毛草质感纤细,株高28.35cm,绿期在260天以上,而且其越冬及越夏存活率均为100%,试验期间生长状态良好,抗性强,无病虫害,完全适宜在保定地区推广应用;大针茅质感较粗糙,第一年测得株高27.91cm,绿期在270天左右,试验期间生长状态不佳,不耐夏季高温,越夏存活率为68.42%,但抗旱和抗寒性较强,越冬存活率为100%,生长期间没有病虫害,第二年返青后生长状态有所改善,因此有待进一步观察研究。第四,以科学性、生态性、节约性、美学和乡土原则等相应的理论研究为基础,总结了这两种观赏草的园林应用形式。研究表明这两种观赏草可以应用于花坛花镜、专类园、高尔夫球场及乡村景观的营建,此外墨西哥羽毛草还可以应用于地被、盆栽、护坡、配置园石园路及立体绿化;大针茅则还可以应用于孤植或用作边界屏障,相信在不久的将来观赏草景观将体现出巨大的经济效益和生态效益。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society, people pay more and more attention to the living environment. The urban landscape greening is an important measure to improve the urban living environment. As a part of the urban construction, garden greening should be in line with the trend of the development of the times. At present, the country vigorously advocates the construction of the saving type society, thus the conservation oriented garden is the group of the saving society. In the north of China, especially in the severe water shortage in North China, it is very important to choose the saving type plant material to form the landscape. The excellent resistance and the natural breath of the ornamental grass cater to the psychological appeals for the return to nature and meet the standard of building a conservation oriented garden. The main purpose of this study is to increase the species of garden plants in Hebei area through the introduction of ornamental grass, enrich the alternative garden plant materials, promote the promotion and enrich the landscape of regional gardens, and vigorously promote the development of economical, ecological and harmonious modern gardens. The main contents of this study are as follows: First, through the questionnaire and statistics, the analysis of the data shows that the people are not deeply aware of the view of the ornamental grass, and there are some problems in the garden application. The main problems are improper management, poor understanding, less application types, single application form and poor winter landscape, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for these problems. We should strengthen the publicity and promotion, strengthen the introduction and domestication and the mining of the native species, innovate the configuration techniques, take measures to cover the winter landscape and strengthen the maintenance and management of the ornamental grass. Second, through the study of the seed germination characteristics of the Mexico feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) and the Stipa grandis (Stipa gigantea), The effects of temperature and light time on Seed Germination and soil depth are suitable for the convenience of garden application. The results show that the suitable germination temperature of Mexico feathergrass is between 15~20 C, the suitable germination temperature of Stipa grandis at 15~25 C, the day and night temperature change can increase the germination rate of seed seed, and increase the light time can improve the seeds. The germination rate, and the seed of Stipa grandis is more sensitive to light, Mexico feathergrass is suitable for soil depth of 0.5cm, the suitable burial depth of Stipa of Stipa is about 1cm, and the deep soil will inhibit the seed germination. Third, the ornamental characters and introduction of the two species of ornamental grass in Mexico are observed by observing the growth and phenological phase of the plants. The ground is basically the same. The quality of Mexico feathergrass is fine, the plant height is 28.35cm, the green period is over 260 days, and the survival rate of the winter and summer is 100%. The growth state of the plant is good, the resistance is strong and the disease is not harmful. It is completely suitable for the application in Baoding area; the quality of the Stipa is rough, the plant height is 27.91cm in the first year, and the green period is about 270 days in the first year. During the test, the growth state was not good, the summer high temperature was not tolerant, the survival rate of summer was 68.42%, but the drought resistance and cold resistance were strong, the survival rate of overwintering was 100%. There was no disease and insect pests in the growth period, and the growth state was improved after second years' return. Therefore, further observation and study were needed. Fourth, with scientific, ecological, economical, aesthetic and local principles. On the basis of the theoretical study, the application forms of the two ornamental grass are summarized. The study shows that the two ornamental grass can be applied to flower glasses, special gardens, golf courses and rural landscape construction. In addition, Mexico feathergrass can also be applied to ground cover, potted plants, slope protection, collocation Garden Road and three-dimensional greening. It can be applied to solitary planting or use as a boundary barrier. It is believed that in the near future, the ornamental grass landscape will reflect enormous economic and ecological benefits.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688

【参考文献】