流域分水后额济纳绿洲景观—服务时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 15:49

本文选题：景观变化 + 景观服务　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：额济纳绿洲位于我国西北干旱内流区黑河流域下游,是西北干旱地区的重要生态防线。上个世纪60年代以来,黑河中游用水过度,使得黑河下游水量锐减,从而使得额济纳绿洲面临一系列生态环境问题。2001年开始对黑河流域启动分水工程,以改善额济纳绿洲的生态环境。本文以额济纳绿洲核心区为研究对象,以研究区2001年和2014年遥感影像为数据源,运用ENVI 4.7软件进行遥感解译,获得两期景观类型图,在此基础上借助景观类型动态度和景观类型转移矩阵分析了自2001年流域分水至2014年额济纳绿洲核心区的景观空间变化；然后利用InVEST模型和景观服务定量指标法完成固碳服务、防风固沙服务和生境服务的评估与制图,在此基础上分析其时空变化,以期拓展额济纳绿洲景观恢复的评估视角,并为干旱区资源的合理利用提供科学依据。主要结论如下：(1)研究区景观类型主要包括河岸带植被(河岸乔灌林和河岸灌草林)荒漠植被(荒漠稀疏灌丛和荒漠稀疏草原)、水域、城镇及人工建筑和其他类型(戈壁滩、沙地、盐碱地等)。2001年至2014年,河岸带植被、荒漠植被、水域和城镇及人工建筑的面积均有不同程度的增加,其中河岸带植被面积增加最多,水域面积增加最快,唯有其他类型面积发生大量减少。研究区河岸带植被和荒漠植被彼此之间的相互转化面积较大；荒漠植被和其他类型这两种景观类型对水域的面积转入贡献率比较大；研究区内其他类型向河岸带植被、荒漠植被、水域和城镇及人工建筑的转入面积均较大。(2)2014年研究区绿洲景观固碳总量和防风固沙总量分别较2001年增加了1.022×106t和1.239×106t,四种植被的碳储量和防风固沙量均有所增加,其中,河岸乔灌林和河岸灌草林的增加量最多；高值碳储量区域和高值防风固沙量区域主要分布在研究区中部,且2014年的高值区域更多。碳储量和防风固沙量具有明显的河流廊道效应,即距离河道越远,碳储量和防风固沙量越小,且河流东岸碳储量和防风固沙量大于河流西岸。(3)绿洲景观生境服务主要集中在研究区中部,且呈现由中心向外围递减的梯度变化特征,2014年研究区景观生境服务高分值区域较2001年有所增加。(4)2001年和2014年三种景观服务的综合供给热点主要集中在研究区中部,且2014年中部高值分布区较2001年更为密集。各植被景观对不同景观服务的供给平均值(供给贡献)各有不同,但河岸带植被对三种景观服务的贡献较大,而荒漠植被的贡献则相对较小
[Abstract]:Ejina oasis is located in the lower reaches of Heihe River basin in northwest arid area of China, which is an important ecological defense line in arid area of northwest China. Since the 1960s, the excessive use of water in the middle reaches of the Heihe River has drastically reduced the amount of water in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, thus making the Ejina Oasis face a series of ecological and environmental problems. In order to improve the ecological environment of Ejina oasis. Taking the core area of Ejina Oasis as the research object and remote sensing images of 2001 and 2014 as data sources, this paper uses ENVI 4.7 software to interpret the two periods of landscape type map. Based on this, the landscape spatial changes in the core area of Ejina oasis from 2001 to 2014 were analyzed with the help of landscape type attitude and landscape type transfer matrix, and then carbon sequestration services were completed by InVEST model and landscape service quantitative index method. Based on the assessment and mapping of windbreak and sand fixation service and habitat service, the temporal and spatial changes of Ejina oasis landscape restoration are analyzed in order to expand the evaluation perspective of Ejina oasis landscape restoration, and to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of resources in arid area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main landscape types of the study area include riparian vegetation (riparian Arbor shrub and riparian shrub forest) desert vegetation (desert sparse shrub and desert sparse steppe), water area, towns and artificial buildings, and other types (Gobi Desert). From 2001 to 2014, the areas of riparian vegetation, desert vegetation, water area, towns and artificial buildings all increased in varying degrees, among which the riparian vegetation area increased the most, and the water area increased fastest. Only other types of area have been significantly reduced. The intertransformation area between riparian vegetation and desert vegetation is relatively large; the contribution of desert vegetation and other landscape types to water area is relatively large; other types of riparian vegetation in the study area are to riparian zone vegetation. The total amount of carbon sequestration and the total amount of wind and sand fixation of oasis landscape in the study area increased by 1.022 脳 106 t and 1.239 脳 10 6 t respectively compared with 2001 in 2014, and the carbon storage and the amount of wind and sand fixation of the four kinds of vegetation increased, among which, the total amount of carbon sequestration and the total amount of wind and sand fixation of the oasis landscape in the study area in 2014 increased by 1.022 脳 106 t and 1.239 脳 10 6 t, respectively. The area of high value carbon storage and high value area of wind and sand fixation are mainly distributed in the middle of the study area, and the high value area of 2014 is more than that of 2014. The carbon storage and the amount of wind and sand fixation have obvious river corridor effect, that is, the farther away from the river, the smaller the carbon storage and the amount of wind and sand fixation. Moreover, the carbon storage and the amount of wind and sand fixation in the east bank of the river are larger than those in the west bank of the river. The oasis landscape habitat service is mainly concentrated in the central part of the study area. In 2014, the high score area of landscape habitat service in the study area increased compared with 2001. 4) the integrated supply hot spots of three landscape services in 2001 and 2014 were mainly concentrated in the middle of the study area. Moreover, the high value distribution area in the middle of 2014 is more dense than that in 2001. The average supply (contribution) of vegetation landscape to different landscape services is different, but the contribution of riparian vegetation to the three landscape services is greater, while the contribution of desert vegetation is relatively small.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

【相似文献】