1985～2015年中国典型红树林自然保护区遥感监测与分析

发布时间：2018-06-20 17:32

本文选题：国家级红树林保护区 + 遥感动态监测　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：红树林是生长在热带、亚热带地区海岸潮间带以红树植物为主体的木本生物群落。红树林湿地是重要的生态湿地和物种栖息地,在维护和改善海湾、河口地区生态环境,防风固浪,防治近岸水域污染,保护沿海湿地生物多样性等方面具有无法替代的重要作用。从全球范围来看,我国的红树林分布位于世界红树林分布区的北缘,无论是种类还是分布范围都具有代表性,因此,我国红树林对研究全球红树林的起源和演化都具有特殊价值,国家为了保护我国数量不多的红树林,在红树林分布区域陆续建立了多个红树林保护区,但随着社会经济发展压力的增大,导致其保护成效受到质疑,因此开展有关红树林湿地保护区保护有效性评价的研究具有重要意义。本文选取福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区、广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区、广西山口红树林国家级自然保护区和海南东寨港国家级自然保护区这四个国家级湿地自然保护区为研究区域,以1985、1995、2005和2015年的Landsat TM/OLI遥感数据作为数据源,首先采用面向对象分类方法对红树林面积进行提取,进而运用景观指数对各研究区内的景观格局进行定量研究,在此基础上采用信息熵模型对各研究区保护有效性进行评价,并进一步探讨影响保护区保护有效性的驱动力因素。研究结果如下:(1)1985～2015年间,漳江口红树林自然保护区和山口红树林自然保护区内的红树林面积呈现增加的趋势,东寨港保护区和湛江保护区内的红树林面积呈现减少的趋势,其中,山口、湛江和漳江口红树林自然保护区内的红树林面积回升时间与保护区建立的年份基本一致。海南东寨港国家级自然保护区,建立时间较早(1980年),但由于一系列人为原因,红树林面积波动频繁。(2)运用景观指数对研究区内的红树林景观特征进行分析,结果表明,与1985年相比,除漳江口红树林自然保护区以外,2015年其余三个保护区的红树林斑块数、斑块密度、形状指数均有所增加。(3)结合红树林景观格局变化结果,以10 a为时间间隔,运用信息熵模型对4个红树林自然保护区的保护有效性进行评价。结果表明,1985～2005年间保护有效性一直较好的是漳江口自然保护区,而2005～2015年间湛江红树林保护区的保护成效最佳。(4)影响保护区保护有效性的驱动力因素分为自然因素和人为因素。自然因素包括外来物种入侵、海平面上升、病虫害和其他自然因素等;人为因素包括围填海、红树林保护措施的实施、旅游开发、红树林生境污染和过度养殖捕捞等,其中,对围填海工程建设对红树林面积变化具有较大影响。
[Abstract]:Mangroves are woody communities of mangrove plants in tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal zones. Mangrove wetland is an important ecological wetland and species habitat, in the maintenance and improvement of the ecological environment of the gulf and estuarine areas, wind and waves, prevention and control of coastal water pollution, Conservation of coastal wetland biodiversity has an irreplaceable important role. Globally, mangrove distribution in China is located in the northern edge of the mangrove distribution area of the world. Both species and distribution range are representative, so, Mangroves in China are of special value in studying the origin and evolution of mangroves in the world. In order to protect the mangroves in China, mangroves have been established in the mangrove distribution areas one after another. However, with the increasing pressure of social and economic development, the effectiveness of mangrove wetland conservation has been questioned, so it is of great significance to study the effectiveness of mangrove wetland conservation evaluation. This paper selects Zhangjiangkou mangrove National Nature Reserve in Fujian and Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. The four national wetland nature reserves of Shankou mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangxi and Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan are studied. The Landsat TM / OLI remote sensing data from 1985 / 1995 to 2015 are used as data sources. Firstly, the mangrove area is extracted by object oriented classification method, and then the landscape pattern of each research area is quantitatively studied by using landscape index. On this basis, information entropy model is used to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of each research area. Furthermore, the driving factors influencing the protection effectiveness of protected areas are discussed. The results are as follows: from 1985 to 2015, the mangrove area in Zhangjiangkou mangrove nature reserve and Shankou mangrove nature reserve increased, and the mangrove area in Dongzhagang and Zhanjiang protected areas decreased. Among them, the recovery time of mangrove area in mangrove nature reserve of Shankou, Zhanjiang and Zhangjiangkou is basically consistent with the year when the reserve was established. Hainan Dongzhai Port National Nature Reserve was established earlier (1980, but due to a series of human reasons, mangrove area fluctuated frequently. 2) the landscape index was used to analyze the characteristics of mangrove landscape in the study area. Compared with 1985, the number, density and shape index of mangrove patches in the other three protected areas increased in 2015, except in Zhangjiangkou mangrove nature reserve. The information entropy model was used to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of four mangrove nature reserves. The results show that the Zhanjiang Estuary Nature Reserve has been the most effective conservation area during the period of 1985 and 2005. In Zhanjiang mangrove reserve in 2005 and 2015, the protective effect of mangrove reserve was the best. (4) the driving force factors affecting the conservation effectiveness of Zhanjiang mangrove reserve were natural factors and human factors. Natural factors include invasive alien species, sea-level rise, pests and diseases, and other natural factors; human factors include reclamation, implementation of mangrove conservation measures, tourism development, mangrove habitat pollution and overfishing, among others, It has great influence on mangrove area change in reclamation project.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S759.9

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