郴州万华岩洞穴成因及其景观分布特征分析

发布时间：2018-06-20 23:13

本文选题：万华岩 + 发育演化　；参考：《广西师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：万华岩位于湖南省郴州市北湖区,是我国开发较早的旅游洞穴。万华岩洞穴内具有类型丰富的岩溶景观,但与南方岩溶区内研究较为全面的洞穴而言,万华岩洞穴成因方面的研究较少。笔者自2015年8至2016年4月,先后4次赴郴州万华岩区域进行野外地表调查,对其地下洞穴形态、构造等方面特征进行了实地的观测,获取了宝贵的基础数据。在此基础上,以自然地理条件和地质基础条件作为着手点,探讨万华岩的洞穴成因并分析万华岩发育演化过程及洞内景观分布特征。基于上述研究,提出对万华岩洞穴旅游可持续发展的建议,探讨岩溶洞穴的旅游发展方向,分析取得以下基础结论:1.万华岩是至今仍在发育的地下河洞穴系统。该洞穴系统规模较大,由一条主洞道和一条支洞道,以及连接它们的负地形组成。其洞道在不同程度的水蚀作用下,可分为洞穴大形态和洞穴小形态两种形态。整体洞道形态呈廊道状,局部截面呈厅堂式、峡谷状等。在侵蚀-溶蚀作用影响下,具有四种洞穴小形态。2.万华岩流域区域的地势整体为南高北低。万华岩洞穴系统的发育走向与其地下河的流向一致。说明万华岩洞穴的发育演化受其地下河的发育演化影响。而其地下河的规模,又受地层、岩性、构造等因素的影响。所以该洞穴的成因应考虑其岩性、构造、外源水等方面因素。3.万华岩洞穴系统区域内,其岩性以北部沉积岩中的碳酸盐岩为主,但又受到南部岩浆岩作用影响。以灰岩及白云质灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩地层为万华岩洞穴的发育演化提供了物质基础。在不同程度溶蚀-侵蚀作用下,万华岩洞穴区域内的碳酸盐岩的溶解性存在差异。在可溶程度不同的情况下,其洞道结构形态也有所不同。4.通过实测断裂构造数据可得,众多断裂构造控制了万华岩主通道的形态、结构及其延伸方向。不仅如此,各类不同的断裂是联系洞穴结构内部与外界环境的重要环节,影响着洞内沉积物景观的发育及演化。5.具有强溶蚀、侵蚀能力的外源水的加入对大型洞穴的发育具有相当重要的意义。洞穴系统的发育演化与外源水的补给有关。而万华岩现代地下河水主要来自于南部铁坑水库下游地表水的入渗和注入;支洞道发源于花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触地带,其地下河支流经岩溶区后汇入主洞。6.万华岩发育演化经历了两大阶段,即主洞道发育阶段和支洞道发育阶段。在万华岩的主洞道具有较长的发育历史,主要是在伏流阶段形成的。而支洞道发育阶段是由于构造抬升,随着排水基准面的下降,地面开始了漏陷化,地表洼地、漏斗、落水洞和地面进水洞等大量发育,因此地表水也逐步渗入地下,并开始形成、发育现在的支通道。同时,由于受到河上岩天坑崩塌和黑岩天坑崩塌影响,加上降水量的减少,导致了地表河道改道,进入主洞道的水量大幅度减少,搬运花岗岩等砂砾石的能力也减弱,以致支洞道的发育速度逐渐加快。而洞道内的机械沉积物的分布也反映了不同时期的地下河水动力条件的强弱,进而也可推断主洞道与支洞道发育阶段。7.万华岩洞穴景观受地下河发育演化影响较大。无论是侵蚀-溶蚀景观还是次生沉积景观,都以现代主洞道与支洞道汇合后的下游发育较多,其景观价值分布与洞道内断裂构造及外源水有着密切联系。8.针对万华岩洞穴旅游的可持续发展,现阶段要:维护洞穴结构的稳定性,定期观测洞穴内部断裂构造;加强景区管理,避免人为因素对洞穴资源的破坏;撰写具有个人特色的科普性导游词,将传统洞穴观赏讲解模式转化为科普参与性知识讲解模式。总之,要在洞穴环境承受力范围内,对其洞穴资源进行有效地保护,使得万华岩洞穴旅游在传统模式向科普参与性模式转变下的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Wanhua rock is located in the North Lake District of Chenzhou, Hunan province. It is an early tourist cave in China. There are rich karst landscapes in the Wanhua cave. But in the case of more comprehensive caves in the southern karst area, there are few studies on the genesis of Wanhua cave. From 8 to April 2016 2015, the author went to the Wanhua rock region of Chenzhou successively. The field surface survey is carried out to observe the characteristics of the underground cave morphology and structure, and the valuable basic data are obtained. On this basis, the genesis of the cave of Wanhua rock and the evolution process of the Wanhua rock and the distribution characteristics of the landscape in the cave are analyzed on the basis of the natural geographical conditions and the geological conditions as the starting point. On the basis of the above research, the suggestions for the sustainable development of the Wanhua cave tourism are put forward, and the development direction of the karst caves is discussed. The following basic conclusions are obtained: the 1. Wanhua rock is the underground river cave system which is still developing. The cave system is large scale, a main tunnel and a branch tunnel, and the negative topographic group connecting them. Under the action of water erosion to varying degrees, the tunnel can be divided into two forms of large form of cave and small form of cave. The shape of the whole tunnel is porch like, the local section is halls and Canyon like. Under the influence of erosion and erosion, the whole area of the small form of the.2. Wanhua area with four caves is low in the South High North and in the Wanhua cave. The evolution of the acupoint system is consistent with the flow direction of the underground river. It shows that the development and evolution of the Wanhua cave is influenced by the development and evolution of its underground river. The scale of the underground river is influenced by the formation, lithology, structure and other factors. Therefore, the genesis of the cave should be taken into consideration of its lithology, structure, and exogenous water, such as.3. Wanhua cave system area. The lithology in the region is dominated by carbonate rocks in the northern sedimentary rocks, but it is influenced by the southern magmatite. The carbonate rocks, mainly limestone and dolomitic limestone, provide the material basis for the development and evolution of the Wanhua cave. The dissolution of carbonate rocks in the Wanhua cave area under different degrees of erosion erosion In the case of different degree of solubility, the morphology of the tunnel structure is different and.4. can be obtained through the measured fracture structure data. Many fracture structures control the form, structure and extension direction of the main channel of Wanhua rock. Not only that, the different types of fracture are the important links of the internal and external environment of the cave structure. The development and evolution of the sediment landscape in the cave is strongly dissolved. The addition of the exogenous water of the erosive ability is of great significance to the development of the large caves. The development and evolution of the cave system is related to the supply of exogenous water. Wan Huayan's modern underground river water mainly comes from the infiltration and injection of the surface water downstream of the southern tierkeng reservoir. The branch channel originates from the contact zone of granite and carbonate rock, and its underground river branch flows through the karst area into the main cave.6. Wanhua rock development and evolution experience two stages, namely the main tunnel development stage and the branch tunnel development stage. In the main tunnel of Wanhua rock, the main tunnel has a long history history, mainly formed in the stage of the current of the current. The development stage is due to the tectonic uplift, with the fall of the drainage datum, the ground began to leak, the surface depressions, the funnel, the falling water hole and the ground water hole, and so on, the surface water also gradually infiltrated into the underground and began to form and developed the current channel. At the same time, it was affected by the collapse of the rock crater and the Blackrock crater collapse on the river. In addition, the decrease of precipitation leads to the diversion of the surface channel, the amount of water entering the main tunnel is greatly reduced, the ability of carrying granite and other sand gravel is weakened, and the development speed of the tunnel is accelerated gradually. The distribution of mechanical sediments in the tunnel also reflects the strength of the dynamic conditions of the underground river in different periods and then it can be pushed forward. The development and evolution of.7. Wanhua cave in the development stage of the broken main tunnel and the branch tunnel are greatly influenced by the development and evolution of the underground river. Both the erosion and erosion landscape and the secondary sedimentary landscape are more developed in the lower reaches of the modern main tunnel and the branch tunnel. The distribution of the landscape value is closely related to the fracture structure in the tunnel and the exogenous water, which is closely related to the.8.. At the present stage, the sustainable development of Wanhua rock cave tourism should be as follows: maintaining the stability of the cave structure, observing the internal fracture structure of the cave regularly, strengthening the management of the scenic spots, avoiding the destruction of the human factors to the cave resources, writing the popular popular tour guide words with personal characteristics, and transforming the traditional hole and point ornamental explanation model into the explanation of the participatory knowledge of the science popularization Model. In short, in the cave environment within the capacity, to effectively protect the cave resources, the Yan million cave tourism in the traditional mode to the sustainable development of Science in the pattern.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;P931.5

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