五台天和铝土矿露天开采矿山地质环境问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 19:31

本文选题：铝土矿 + 露天开采　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿山开采引发一系列矿山地质环境问题,如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地资源损毁等,严重危害人类生存环境,矿山地质环境问题是人类活动的主要产物,是可以预测,可以预防的。通过分析研究矿山地质环境问题,就可以减少矿山开采对环境的影响和破坏,实现资源与环境协调发展。本论文以五台天和铝土矿为研究对象,运用实地考察及野外调查、文献资料收集法、查阅有关规范等方法,主要从矿山开采引发地质环境问题的种类、分布、规模、产生原因、危害程度及诱发因素等几方面进行研究。主要工作及研究成果如下:1、野外实地调查五台天和铝土矿矿区的的自然地理概况、地层岩性与地质构造、水文地质条件、工程地质条件、矿体地质特征以及周边其他人类工程活动。2、现状条件下,矿山存在的及潜在的地质环境问题,主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地资源损毁、地形地貌景观破坏等。3、崩塌滑坡问题:平整场地及修建道路形成不稳定的边坡,从位置、规模、坡度、地层岩性、稳定性及威胁对象进行分析,主要由于岩土风化严重、节理裂隙发育、结构破碎、临空面发育,在降雨、风化、振动等条件下,就会引起崩塌滑坡地质灾害;露采边坡通过对其稳定性因素进行分析,得出只有在软质岩石、局部构造破碎地段或节理裂隙发育地段会发生小规模崩塌与滑坡地质灾害;排土场由于松散堆积,在降雨及采动影响下易产生崩塌滑坡。4、泥石流问题:矿区沟谷十分发育,呈“V”字型,G1、G2及G3沟谷物源主要是天然崩滑物及开挖形成的松散堆积物,在雨季洪水暴涨暴落,易发生泥石流,通过对沟谷的15项因子进行量化,评估出不同沟谷泥石流的易发程度。5、露天开采,在地表进行,直接破坏原有地形地貌,露天采场、排土场、工业场地、道路建设及开挖地表等工程活动,对土地资源及地形地貌景观都造成严重的破坏,同时矿山的开挖也引发含水层破坏问题。6、针对主要问题,提出相应的恢复治理措施。
[Abstract]:Mining causes a series of mine geological environmental problems, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, land resource damage, and so on, which seriously endangers the human survival environment. The mine geological environment problem is the main product of human activities and can be predicted. It can be prevented. By analyzing and studying the geological environment of mines, the influence and destruction of mining on the environment can be reduced, and the harmonious development of resources and environment can be realized. This paper takes Wutai Tianhe bauxite mine as the research object, uses the field investigation and field investigation, the literature collection method, the related standard and so on, mainly from the mine mining causes the geological environment question type, the distribution, the scale, the cause. The degree of harm and inducing factors were studied. The main work and research results are as follows: 1. Field investigation of the physical geography, stratigraphic lithology and geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions of Wutai Tianhe bauxite mining area, Geological characteristics of ore bodies and other human engineering activities around them. Under the present conditions, existing and potential geological environmental problems in mines are mainly collapse, landslide, debris flow, and damage to land resources. Landform and landform landscape damage and so on, landslide problem: leveling the site and building the road to form unstable slope, from the position, scale, slope, stratigraphic lithology, stability and threat object, mainly because of the serious weathering of rock and soil, The development of joints and fissures, the broken structure, the development of the face of the air, the occurrence of geological disasters of landslides under the conditions of rainfall, weathering, vibration, etc. By analyzing the factors of stability of open-pit slopes, it can be concluded that only in soft rocks, Small scale collapses and landslide geological disasters will occur in local structural broken areas or areas where joints and fissures are developed; dump sites are prone to collapse and landslide .4 under the influence of rainfall and mining, and debris flow problems are: the gullies in mining areas are well developed. The grain sources in the "V" shape of G1G2 and G3 trenches are mainly natural landslips and loose deposits formed by excavation. During the rainy season, floods surge and fall sharply, and debris flow is easy to occur. The 15 factors of the gully are quantified. To evaluate the vulnerability of debris flow in different gullies, open pit mining, surface mining, direct destruction of the original landform, open pit, dump, industrial site, road construction and excavation of the surface, etc. It also causes serious damage to land resources and landform and landscape, and at the same time, mine excavation also causes aquifer damage problem .6. aiming at the main problems, the corresponding restoration measures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD167;TD804

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