南宁市观赏棕榈评价体系建立与应用

发布时间：2018-06-25 15:52

本文选题：南宁市 + 观赏棕榈　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：棕榈科植物因株型独特,具有较高的观赏价值,被广泛用于城市园林绿化造景或做盆栽观赏植物。然而,我区乃至我国有关棕榈科植物的综合评价几乎没有开展相关研究,观赏棕榈的园林应用标准、景观配置设计、品种选择、引种标准等均具有很强的随意性和随机性,导致观赏棕榈的科研、生产和新品种培育乱象丛生。对观赏棕榈进行综合评价是科学引种利用和开发观赏棕榈的关键和基础,能有效解决在观赏棕榈引种和应用方面,因不注重科学性、盲目引种而导致的经济损失的问题,减少因过多进行病虫害防治对环境造成的污染。本研究基于园林植物与应用、园林树木学和园林美学等基本理论和技术,通过文献资料收集、整理和分析,结合实地调查,建立了一套具有科学性和可操作性的综合评价体系,对南宁市常见观赏棕榈进行系统评价,探讨南宁市观赏棕榈的应用现状,针对不足,提出建议。旨在为观赏棕榈的合理开发使用、育种、引进等提供依据,减少因盲目性、重复性而对资源、人力、物力和时间的浪费。通过研究,得出以下结论：1.确立了南宁市观赏棕榈的评价体系。参考观赏植物的评价方法,通过向有关专家咨询,从观赏价值、适应性、经济学指标和应用指标等方面、具体包括18个评价指标构建评价体系。评价体系采取定性和定量分析相结合的方法,使评价结果相对全面和科学。2.应用层次分析法对南宁市观赏棕榈进行了等级划分。23种观赏棕榈总评价值的等级划分为3级,其中I级的13种,包括鱼尾葵、蒲葵、棕榈、多裂棕竹、金山葵、棕竹、三药槟榔、银海枣、加拿利海枣、青棕、富贵椰子、圆叶蒲葵和夏威夷椰子；Ⅱ级的有5种,包括袖珍椰子、董棕、鱼尾椰子、散尾葵和大王椰子；Ⅲ级的有5种,包括花叶棕竹、软叶针葵、国王椰子、老人葵和白菜棕。3.分析总结了南宁市观赏棕榈在园林应用中存在的问题。通过对观赏棕榈在南宁市的应用现状开展深入细致的调查研究,发现南宁市使用观赏棕榈种类达30种,其中9种为乡土种,21种为国外引进种,乡土棕榈比例偏小,应用时存在重观赏性而轻实用性的问题。4.观赏棕榈景观应用应遵循的理论依据及原则。针对南宁市目前观赏棕榈的应用现状,提出遵循科学性、重视实用性和增强艺术性的原则,加快新品种选育进程。这样既能营造优美的景观和维持景观的稳定性、更好地发挥园林植物的功能作用,又能丰富园林植物种质资源、突出地方特色。
[Abstract]:Palmiaceae is widely used in urban landscaping or potted ornamental plants because of its unique plant type and high ornamental value. However, the comprehensive evaluation of palm plants in our region and even in China has hardly carried out relevant research. The garden application standards, landscape configuration design, variety selection and introduction criteria of ornamental palms have strong randomness and randomness. Led to ornamental palm research, production and cultivation of new varieties of chaos. Comprehensive evaluation of ornamental palm is the key and foundation of scientific introduction and development of ornamental palm, which can effectively solve the problem of economic loss caused by not paying attention to scientific and blind introduction of ornamental palm. Reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive pest control. Based on the basic theories and techniques of garden plants and application, garden treeology and garden aesthetics, a set of scientific and operable comprehensive evaluation system has been established by collecting, arranging and analyzing documents, combining with field investigation. This paper makes a systematic evaluation of the common ornamental palms in Nanning, probes into the present situation of the application of the ornamental palms in Nanning, and puts forward some suggestions in view of the shortcomings. The aim is to provide the basis for the rational exploitation, breeding and introduction of ornamental palm, and to reduce the waste of resources, manpower, material resources and time due to blindness and repeatability. Through research, the following conclusion is drawn: 1. The evaluation system of ornamental palm in Nanning was established. Referring to the evaluation methods of ornamental plants, the evaluation system is constructed from the aspects of ornamental value, adaptability, economic index and application index. The evaluation system adopts the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to make the evaluation results relatively comprehensive and scientific. The total value of 23 ornamental palms in Nanning was classified into 3 grades by AHP. Among them, 13 species of grade I, including fishtail sunflower, cattleflower, palm, polyphagous palm, Jinshan sunflower, brown bamboo, etc. Three drugs, areca nut, Yinhai jujube, canary sea date, green palm, rich coconut, round leaf sunflower and Hawaiian coconut; class II has five species, including pocket coconut, Dong palm, fishtail coconut, loose tail coconut and king coconut; and there are five species in grade III, Includes mosaic palm bamboo, soft conifer, king coconut, old sunflower and cabbage palm. 3. The problems existing in the application of ornamental palm in Nanning were analyzed and summarized. The application of ornamental palms in Nanning was investigated and studied in detail. It was found that there were 30 species of ornamental palms used in Nanning, of which 9 species were native species and 21 species were imported from abroad, and the proportion of native palms was small. In application, there is a problem of valuing but not practicability. The theoretical basis and principle of application of ornamental palm landscape. In view of the present situation of application of ornamental palm in Nanning City, it is suggested that the principles of scientific, practical and artistic should be followed in order to speed up the breeding process of new varieties. This can not only create beautiful landscape and maintain the stability of landscape, better play the function of garden plants, but also enrich the germplasm resources of garden plants, highlight the local characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S687

【参考文献】