嘉峪关市土地利用景观格局的空间梯度分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 14:04

本文选题：景观格局 + 人类活动强度　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究土地利用景观格局及其在人类干扰下的梯度变化,对于合理制定土地利用规划具有十分重要意义。目前,从地理空间角度进行的空间梯度效应研究较多,而从人类活动强度角度开展的空间梯度效应研究较少。本文以嘉峪关市作为研究对象,运用景观生态学理论,借助GIS技术,结合地形因子、居民点和道路的影响作用,研究了不同人为干扰梯度下嘉峪关市土地利用景观格局的梯度效应。研究结果表明:(1)研究区为干旱区绿洲城市,其土地利用结构以未利用地为主,20年间土地利用景观格局变化明显。随着城市化进程的不断加快,建设用地面积大幅度增加,耕地和林地的面积稍有增加,草地面积先减小后增大,水域和未利用地面积不断缩小,土地利用类型间的转换主要是通过占用未利用地而转变为其他地类。(2)研究区内耕地和林地主要分布在低人类活动强度区间内,随着人类活动强度的增大,这两种土地利用类型的分布指数不断减小;草地集中分布于中低人类活动强度区域,随着人类对草地的保护,2015年草地开始向较高干扰梯度区域分布;水域的优势分布区间主要集中在低人类活动强度区间内,部分水域在高人类活动强度区域内呈优势分布;建设用地的分布指数与人类活动强度指数正相关;未利用地的梯度优势分布差异较大。(3)随着人类活动强度的增大,斑块水平指数与景观水平指数均表现出明显的空间梯度差异。在斑块水平上,各景观指数先增大后减小。斑块面积在第2梯带最大;受人类活动影响严重的土地类型的斑块面积比重、形状指数在中等人类活动强度下较大,其余土地利用类型则是在较低干扰下较大;除水域外的土地利用景观类型的聚合程度下降。在景观水平上,多样性指数、均匀性指数随人类活动强度的增大呈下降趋势,而蔓延度指数则不断增加。(4)随着人类活动强度的增强,三个时期的土地利用综合程度指数均呈线上升再下降的趋势,在中等人类活动强度下土地利用程度高。研究区可据此分为三个土地利用管控区域,即核心区、缓冲区和边缘区。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to study the landscape pattern of land use and its gradient change under human disturbance for the rational formulation of land use planning. At present, there are more researches on the spatial gradient effect from the view of geographical space, but less on the spatial gradient effect from the angle of human activity intensity. In this paper, Jiayuguan City as the research object, using landscape ecology theory, with the help of GIS technology, combined with terrain factors, settlements and the impact of roads, The gradient effect of land use landscape pattern in Jiayuguan city was studied under different artificial disturbance gradients. The results are as follows: (1) the study area is an oasis city in arid area, and its land use structure is dominated by unused land. The landscape pattern of land use has changed obviously in the past 20 years. With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, the area of construction land increases significantly, the area of cultivated land and woodland increases slightly, the area of grassland decreases first and then increases, and the area of water and unused land shrinks continuously. The conversion between land use types is mainly changed into other land types by occupying unused land. (2) cultivated land and forest land are mainly distributed in the low intensity range of human activities in the study area, and with the increase of human activity intensity, The distribution index of these two types of land use is decreasing, the grassland is concentrated in the area of low and middle human activity intensity, and with the protection of grassland, the grassland began to distribute to the higher disturbance gradient area in 2015. The dominant distribution range of water area is mainly concentrated in the low intensity range of human activity, and some of the waters are dominant distribution in the area of high human activity intensity, the distribution index of construction land is positively correlated with the intensity index of human activity. (3) with the increase of human activity intensity, patch level index and landscape level index showed significant spatial gradient difference. At patch level, each landscape index increased first and then decreased. The patch area is the largest in the second ladder zone, the proportion of patch area and the shape index of the land type seriously affected by human activities are larger under the medium intensity of human activity, while the other land use types are larger under the low disturbance. The aggregation degree of land use landscape type except water area decreased. At the landscape level, the diversity index and evenness index decreased with the increase of the intensity of human activity, while the spreading index increased continuously. (4) with the increase of the intensity of human activity, The land use comprehensive degree index of the three periods showed the trend of line rising and then decreasing, and the land use degree was high under the medium human activity intensity. The study area can be divided into three land use control areas, that is, core area, buffer zone and marginal area.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;P901

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