扩散生境格局对动物遗传结构影响的计算机模拟研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 05:19

本文选题：景观遗传学 + 计算机模拟　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：过度开发、外来物种入侵、环境污染、气候变化,尤其是生境退化及破碎化成为导致生物多样性减少的重要原因。景观遗传学作为景观生态学和种群遗传学的结合,旨在研究景观特征与微进化过程(如基因交流,基因漂变)之间的相互作用,探讨地理空间和环境特征在个体和种群水平上塑造遗传变异的规律与机理,在生物多样性保护方面具有巨大的潜力。计算机模拟提供了对格局-过程关系的显性控制,这确保了造成遗传分化的因素和因素复杂评估的严谨分布,这在实地研究中是不可能做到的,为景观遗传研究提供了有力工具。保护和恢复种群连接度是野生动物保护的重要途径。扩散生境可作为动物在生境斑块间移动的廊道,能够有效增加种群间连接度。扩散生境格局对种群遗传结构的影响方面的研究,将对野生动物保护具有重要作用。本文通过仿真建模探索扩散生境配置、阻力等对遗传多样性的影响,使用F-统计量、杂合度(He,Ho)和mantel r这几个检测指标来检测遗传多样性的变化。研究结果表明:当栖息地高度连通时,景观遗传影响不可测,在这种情况下景观结构不会限制基因流动;破碎化程度较小时,破碎化程度是决定种群内近交程度的主要因素,中等破碎化对于遗传多样性的负面影响最大;扩散生境阻力对于种群遗传结构具有显著影响:随扩散生境阻力增大,种群遗传多样性减少、近交水平增加、景观对遗传的影响加大;当扩散生境阻力较小时,改变扩散生境配置对种群遗传分化产生较大影响,当扩散生境与非生境阻力值较为接近时,其景观配置对于遗传多样性的影响较小,阻力是影响遗传多样性及景观—遗传关系的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Overexploitation, invasive alien species, environmental pollution, climate change, especially habitat degradation and fragmentation are important causes of biodiversity reduction. Landscape genetics, as a combination of landscape ecology and population genetics, aims to study the interaction between landscape characteristics and microevolutionary processes (such as gene exchange, gene drift). It has great potential in biodiversity conservation to explore the laws and mechanisms of geographical spatial and environmental characteristics that shape genetic variation at individual and population levels. Computer simulations provide dominant control over pattern-process relationships, which ensures a rigorous distribution of factors that contribute to genetic differentiation and complex assessments of factors that are not possible in field studies It provides a powerful tool for landscape genetic research. Conservation and restoration of population connectivity is an important approach to wildlife conservation. Diffusion habitat can be used as a corridor for animals to move between habitat patches, and it can effectively increase the connectivity between populations. The study on the effect of diffusion habitat pattern on population genetic structure will play an important role in wildlife conservation. In this paper, the effects of diffusion habitat configuration and resistance on genetic diversity are explored by simulation modeling. F- statistic, Hehlo and mantel r are used to detect genetic diversity. The results show that the landscape genetic effect is unpredictable when habitat is highly connected, and the landscape structure will not restrict gene flow in this case, and the fragmentation degree is the main factor that determines the inbreeding degree of the population, the degree of fragmentation is small, and the degree of fragmentation is the main factor that determines the degree of inbreeding within the population. Moderate fragmentation had the greatest negative effect on genetic diversity, and diffusion habitat resistance had significant effect on population genetic structure: with the increase of diffusion habitat resistance, population genetic diversity decreased, and inbreeding level increased. The effect of landscape on heredity was increased, when the resistance of diffusion habitat was small, the genetic differentiation of population was greatly affected by changing the distribution of diffusive habitat, and when the resistance value of diffusive habitat and non-habitat was close to each other, The landscape configuration had little effect on genetic diversity, and resistance was the main factor affecting genetic diversity and landscape genetic relationship.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q953

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