莱州湾东岸人工岛群用海布局优化及方法推广

发布时间：2018-07-08 18:11

本文选题：莱州湾东岸 + 人工岛群　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：2008年,国家海洋局充分调研了日本等其他发达国家的围填海现状,在此基础上发布了《关于改进围填海造地工程平面设计的若干意见》,开始提倡先进的围填海布局先进理念,指出围填海布局方式主要有人工岛式围填海、多突堤式围填海以及区块组团式围填海,我国开展了龙口市和招远市人工岛群以及漳州市双鱼岛的规划建设,如何更好的开展围填海布局优化是目前研究的热点内容。本文旨在针对人工岛式围填海布局优化开展相关的研究,以莱州湾东岸人工岛群规划布局为例,重点考虑人工岛群自身布局及其对周边海域环境的影响等两个方面因素,结合国家对围填海平面设计的意见,提出了人工岛式围填海布局优化指标体系和模型。进而提出多突堤式和区域组团式围填海布局优化评估指标和模型。目前国家海洋局在项目单位上报区域用海规划设计后,根据此优化评估指标和模型统一审核区域用海规划,提出区域用海的布局优化和调整的方向,总之,该指标体系和模型已获得应用。主要研究成果如下：1、根据人工岛式围填海的特点,结合研究区水深地形、岸线变化、滩面实测和地形地貌数值模拟结果分析人工岛式围填海对周边海域环境的影响,提出了人工岛式围填海布局优化评估指标和模型,布局优化评估指标主要包括人工岛离岸指数、人工岛形状指数、人工岛临岸区域指数、亲海岸线指数和水域景观指数等5个指标；人工岛式围填海布局优化评估模型为Ma=∑Wi×Fi,式中,Ma为人工岛式围填海布局优化评估指数,Wi为第i个指标的权重,Fi为第i个指标的标准化值。本评估指标和模型为莱州湾东岸人工岛群布局优化提供技术依据,经过分析龙口市人工岛群(16个人工岛)布局优化评估指数(0.727)大于7个人工岛方案(0.643),说明优化调整是可行的,但也有需要调整的指标如人工岛离岸距离。2、本文提出围填海布局评估等级,包括5个等级,分别为优秀、优良、良好、一般和欠缺,从V级到Ⅰ级,代表围填海行政审批意见由“完全按照围填海布局实施”到“需要全面调整围填海布局”。3、根据三种围填海方式的不同点和相同点,进一步将人工岛式围填海布局优化评估指标推广、拓展到多突堤式和区块组团式围填海布局优化,分别在辽东湾的长兴岛临港工业区区域建设用海一期和盘锦辽滨经济区区域建设用海推广应用。其中多突堤式围填海布局优化评估指标包括围填海强度指数、海岸线冗亏指数、临岸区域指数、自然海岸线节约利用率、水域景观指数和亲海岸线指数等6个指标；区块组团式围填海布局优化评估指标包括围填海强度指数、海岸线冗亏指数、自然海岸线利用率、亲海岸线指数、临岸区域指数、海洋过程廊道指数、人工岛指数、人工岛形状指数和水域景观指数等9个指标。同时也分别归纳出多突堤式和区块组团式围填海布局优化评估模型。4、在莱州湾东岸的龙口港到石虎嘴岸段设置了4个断面,通过《海港水文规范》(JTJ 213-98)推荐公式分别计算莱州湾东岸人工岛群建设前后各断面的沿岸输沙率。认为：人工岛群建设前,龙口港南侧断面净输沙向NE,界河口、招远市人工岛群东南侧以及石虎嘴东北侧的断面净输沙向SW。人工岛群建设后,界河口及其北侧的两个断面岸段由于人工岛群建设,近岸沿岸输沙小,海岸基本稳定;招远市人工岛群东南侧的断面岸段由于偏北向波浪作用被人工岛群阻挡,沿岸泥沙将沿岸向北进入人工岛和陆地之间的水道,造成水道淤积；石虎嘴东北侧的断面岸段在招远市人工岛群波影区影响范围外,沿岸输沙与现状基本相同。但是招远市的两个断面之间的岸段由于失去了南向输沙的补给将出现侵蚀状态,多年后将逐渐趋于平衡。实测岸滩剖面分析显示石虎嘴东北侧的岸滩坡度较陡,出现侵蚀,与岸滩蚀淤预测结果一致。5、根据莱州湾东岸海岸侵蚀原因分析和人工岛群用海对招远、莱州沿岸沙滩的影响预测结果,提出了顺岸坝(护岸)、离岸堤和海滩补沙等三种砂质海岸侵蚀防护对策,建议长期跟踪监测评估人工岛群用海对沿岸的影响。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the State Oceanic Administration fully investigated the current situation of reclamation in other developed countries, such as Japan, and on this basis issued a number of opinions on improving the plane design of reclamation projects in the reclamation area, and began to advocate advanced ideas of the advanced layout of the reclamation. It is pointed out that the layout of the reclamation is mainly composed of artificial island type reclamation and multi breakwater reclamation. The planning and construction of artificial island groups in Longkou City and Zhaoyuan and Zhangzhou city of double fish island have been carried out in China, and how to optimize the layout of the reclamation is a hot topic at present. The aim of this paper is to carry out the research on the optimization of the layout of artificial island type reclamation and to take the eastern shore artificial island group rules of the Laizhou Bay. In this paper, the layout of the artificial island group and its influence on the surrounding sea environment are taken into consideration in two aspects. The optimization index system and model of artificial island type reclamation are put forward. At present, after the National Oceanic Administration reported the regional sea planning and design on the project unit, the regional sea planning was reviewed according to the optimization evaluation index and model, and the direction of regional sea use optimization and adjustment was put forward. In conclusion, the index system and model have been applied. The main research results are as follows: 1, according to artificial island type reclamation The characteristics of the study area are water depth topography, shore line change, beach surface measurement and topography and geomorphic numerical simulation results to analyze the influence of artificial island type reclamation on the surrounding sea environment. The optimization evaluation index and model of artificial island type reclamation are put forward, and the layout optimization evaluation index mainly includes artificial Island offshore index and artificial island shape index. 5 indexes such as the shore area index of artificial island, the index of the coastal line and the index of water landscape, and the optimization evaluation model of artificial island type reclamation is Ma= Sigma Wi x Fi. In the formula, Ma is the optimization evaluation index of artificial island type reclamation, Wi is the weight of the I index, and Fi is the standardized value of the I index. The evaluation index and model are Laizhou The layout optimization of the artificial island group in the east coast of the bay provides technical basis. Through the analysis of the Longkou City artificial island group (16 individual island) layout optimization evaluation index (0.727) is greater than the 7 individual island plan (0.643), the optimization and adjustment is feasible, but there are also some indexes that need to be adjusted, such as the artificial island offshore distance.2. This paper puts forward the evaluation grade of the layout of the reclamation. The 5 grades are excellent, good, good, general and deficient, from V to grade I, representing the administrative examination and approval of the reclamation from "fully according to the layout of the reclamation" to "the need to adjust the layout of the reclamation".3. According to the different points and the same points of the three kinds of reclamation methods, the layout of the artificial island type reclamation is optimized and evaluated. The index extension is extended to the optimization of the layout of the multi breakwater and block type reclamation. In the Changxing Island port industrial area of Liaodong Bay, the regional construction is applied to the sea and the regional construction of the Panjin Liaobin economic zone. The optimization evaluation index of the multi breakwater type reclamation includes the strength index of the reclamation and the redundancy index of the coastline. There are 6 indexes of shore area index, conservation utilization of natural coastline, water landscape index and pro coast line index, etc. the optimization evaluation index of the layout of block type surrounding reclamation includes the strength index of the reclamation, the shoreline redundancy index, the utilization rate of natural coastline, the number of coastal line finger, the shore area index, the marine process corridor index, and artificial index. The island index, the artificial island shape index and the water landscape index are 9 indexes. At the same time, the optimization and evaluation model of the layout of the multi breakwater and block group type reclamation is also summed up, and 4 sections are set up in the Longkou port of the East Bank of Laizhou bay to the Stone Tiger bank section, and the East Laizhou Bay hydrological specification > (JTJ 213-98) formula is used to calculate the East Laizhou Bay. Before the construction of the artificial island group, it is believed that before the construction of the artificial island group, the net transport sand of the south side of the Longkou port was built to NE, the estuary, the southeast side of the Zhaoyuan artificial island group and the net sediment from the northeast side of the stone tiger mouth to the SW. artificial island group, and the two sections of the River Estuary and the north side of the river estuary were constructed by artificial island groups. Along the coast of Zhaoyuan, the coastal section of the southeast side of the artificial island group is blocked by the artificial island group on the south-east side of the artificial island group, and the coastal sediment enters the coastal area between the artificial island and the land, causing the silt of the waterway, and the shore section of the northeast side of the stone tiger mouth affects the model of the artificial island group in the Zhaoyuan city. On the other hand, the coastal sediment transport is basically the same as the current situation. But the bank section between the two sections of the city of Zhaoyuan will be eroded because of the loss of the supply of southward sediment, and it will gradually balance after years. The analysis of the measured beach profile shows that the slope of the beach in the northeast side of the Shi Hu mouth is steep and is eroded, which is consistent with the prediction results of the beach erosion and siltation,.5, root. According to the analysis of the causes of erosion on the east coast of Laizhou Bay and the prediction results of the impact of the artificial island group on the beach of Zhaoyuan and Laizhou along the coast of Laizhou, this paper puts forward the Countermeasures of erosion and protection of sandy shores, such as shore dam (bank revetment), offshore embankment and beach sand filling, and suggests that long-term tracking and monitoring will be used to assess the impact of the artificial island group on the coast.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P756.8

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