湿地公园游憩活动设计研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 21:43

【摘要】：伴随社会的发展,生活品质的提高,人们有了更多的空余时间可以前往郊野公园娱乐休闲。湿地公园凭借其特有的湿地生态环境,优美的湿地水鸟以及独具魅力的湿地植物,吸引大批游客前来参观游憩。近些年,为了满足游客对湿地公园越来越高的游憩需求,各地盲目跟风建造湿地公园的趋势逐渐兴起。然而运行管理不力,设计理论技术缺乏,导致湿地生态环境未能得到很好的保护,湿地公园的湿地保护功能也未能得到积极发挥。某些湿地公园为了吸引大量游客,一味追求经济效益,忽视了对游客数量进行有效控制。还有的湿地公园游憩活动照搬照抄一般公园的游憩活动设置,出现了与湿地公园生态保护相违背的项目。例如在不恰当的地方开展游船活动,建设一些不符合环境保护要求的游憩设施,甚至有些湿地公园中还出现了度假村。这些活动都会对湿地生物产生干扰,对于湿地生态环境的直接破坏与潜在威胁是巨大的。因此,针对如何设计出科学合理的湿地公园游憩活动的研究工作是非常必要的。本文研究的主要内容分为三部分组成。第一,通过比较一般公园与湿地公园的游憩活动的不同之处,分析得出湿地公园游憩活动特征分类。湿地公园游憩活动可总结为三大特征以走进湿地为特征的观赏休闲类活动,以了解湿地为特征的认知科普类活动,以融入湿地为特征的体验参与类活动。并从三大游憩特征衍生出游憩活动等空间分类,分为观赏活动空间,认知活动空间和体验活动空间。第二,是游憩活动空间分布分析。针对活动空间里的游憩点数量,密度,游憩点与湿地公园保育区的距离,空间重叠情况等,分析不同空间的游憩活动规律。第三,是以西溪湿地公园为例进行旅游环境容量的计算和游客活动感知的问卷调查。本文研究的主要方法是案例分析法、文献阅读法、实地调查法、项目实践法和问卷调查法。本文研究的结论主要包括以下几点第一,公园的游憩活动应该限制在一定的范围内,不需要展开全园的游憩,全园可供游憩的面积不宜超过湿地公园总面积带60%。第二,将体验类游憩活动设置在远离核心保护区的位置,保育区核心据最近对游憩点的距离不宜小于100m。第三,湿地公园的游憩活动密度需要进行控制,观赏活动空间的游憩点密度不宜过密,密度可控制在7000m2/个。体验活动空间大游憩点应该相对紧凑,一般密度约为5000m2/个。第四,湿地公园游憩活动动设置应相对封闭。当公园面积超过60hm2珍惜湿地动植物分布较为分散的情况下,宜采用封闭游客的方式进行设计。当公园面积较小,不超过55hm2且稀有湿地动植物分布较为集中的情况下,宜将游憩空间尽量开敞,封闭动植物生长空间进行设计。具体安排需根据湿地公园动实际情况而定。第五,湿地公园游客数量应符合旅游环境容量规律给予一定对限制,5月、7月、8月为游客游憩对高峰期,宜适当限制游客游憩时间,可采用提前预约对方式进行游客数量的控制。第六,水域面积较小,有珍稀湿地动植物栖息的地方不宜开展游船活动。第七,湿地公园中的游憩活动宜因地制宜,围绕当地特有的湿地动植物为主题,也可以与当地文化历史相结合。本文研究的主要意义是通过比较湿地公园与一般公园的游憩活动项目,提出湿地公园游憩活动的特征;在总结国内外湿地公园游憩活动设计经验的基础上,通过问卷调查,分析游客在湿地公园游憩过程中的体验感知,归纳出科学合理的湿地公园游憩活动设计原则,希望能够引起相关学者关注并致力于湿地公园游憩活动专题研究,亦希望能为相关建设管理部门提供客观建议与设计思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the improvement of the quality of life, people have more spare time to go to the country park for entertainment and leisure. The Wetland Park relies on its unique wetland ecological environment, beautiful wetland water birds and unique wetland plants, attracting a large number of tourists to visit and recreation. In recent years, in order to satisfy the tourists to the Wetland Park With the increasing demand for recreation, the trend of blindly following the construction of wetland parks is gradually rising in various places. However, poor management and lack of design theory and technology have led to the failure of the wetland ecological environment to be well protected. The wetland park's wetland protection function has not been actively waved. Some wetland parks are in order to attract a large number of tourists. To pursue economic benefits and ignore the effective control of the number of tourists, the recreation activities of the wetland park are also used to copy the recreational activities of the general parks, and the projects that are contrary to the ecological protection of the wetland parks, such as carrying out the cruise activities in the inappropriate places, and building some recreational facilities that do not meet the environmental protection requirements, There are even some resorts in some wetland parks. These activities will disturb the wetland, and the direct destruction and potential threat to the wetland ecological environment are enormous. Therefore, it is not necessary to design a scientific and rational wetland park recreation activities. The main contents of this paper are divided into three First, by comparing the differences between the recreation activities of the general park and the Wetland Park, the classification of the recreational activities of the wetland park is analyzed. The recreational activities of the wetland park can be summed up as three major features of the ornamental and leisure activities characterized by entering the wetland. Spatial classification of recreational activities derived from three major recreational features, including ornamental activity space, cognitive space and experience space. Second, spatial distribution analysis of recreational activities. The distance of recreation points in active space, distance between recreation points and wetland park conservation areas, The law of recreation activities in different spaces is analyzed. Third, a questionnaire survey on the calculation of tourism environmental capacity and the perception of tourist activities is carried out with XiXi Wetland Park as an example. The main methods of this study are case analysis, literature reading, field investigation, project practice and questionnaire survey. The conclusions of this paper are the conclusions of this paper. It mainly includes the following points: the recreation activities of the park should be limited to a certain range and do not need to expand the whole garden recreation. The area of the whole park should not exceed the total area of the wetland park with 60%. second. The recreation activities are set in the location far away from the core protection area, and the core of the conservation area is based on the nearest distance to the recreation point. It is not suitable to be less than 100m. third. The recreational activity density of wetland park needs to be controlled, the density of recreation spots in the viewing space should not be too dense and the density can be controlled in 7000m2/. The large recreation point in the experience space should be relatively compact, and the general density is about 5000m2/. Fourth, the recreation activities in the wet park should be relatively closed. When the public recreation activities in the wet park should be relatively closed. When public When the area of the garden is more than 60hm2 and the distribution of the wetland flora and fauna is more scattered, the closed tourist should be used to design. When the park area is small, the park area is not more than 55hm2 and the distribution of the rare wetland plants and plants is more concentrated, the recreation space should be opened as far as possible, and the space of the plant and plant should be closed. The actual situation of the wetland park is determined. Fifth, the number of tourists in the wetland park should be limited to the law of tourist environment capacity. In May, July, August, tourists' recreation to the peak period should be properly restricted by tourists' recreation time, and the number of tourists can be controlled by the advance reservation method. Sixth, the area of water area is small and there is a rare wet ground movement. Seventh, the recreation activities in the wetland park should be adapted to local conditions, around the local wetland plants and plants as the theme, and can also be combined with the local culture and history. The main significance of this study is to make a wetland park tour by comparing the recreational activities of the wetland park with the general Park. On the basis of summarizing the design experience of recreation activities of wetland parks both at home and abroad, through a questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the experience perception of tourists in the recreation process of wetland parks, and sums up the scientific and rational design principles of recreational activities for wetland parks, hoping to arouse the attention of the scholars and to be devoted to the recreation activities of the wetland parks. The study also hopes to provide objective suggestions and design ideas for relevant construction management departments.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.5

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