文化交融视角下青海循化撒拉族清真寺空间形制研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 07:44

【摘要】：撒拉族是伊斯兰文化在青海循化传播过程中,中国文化和伊斯兰文化交融所形成的民族,并通过与当地蒙、藏、回等民族文化的相互交融,形成了多元的民族文化体系。撒拉族清真寺正是受多元文化格局影响的直接外在表现,其建筑空间形制具有独特的民族性和地域性,承载着丰富的文化信息,具有较高的历史价值和社会文化价值。随着城市化进程的快速发展,外来文化的日益凸显,人们主观意识的转变,撒拉族清真寺建筑承受着巨大的文化冲击,其建筑特色逐渐出现多元化,丧失了民族特色。因此,迫切需要对撒拉族清真寺建筑进行深入研究,为保护和发扬撒拉族建筑文化提供更多的理论借鉴和参考作用。论文以文化交融为大背景,从宗教、历史的视角出发,运用文献调研法、田野调研法、比较研究法、归纳演绎法等,着手研究撒拉族清真寺建筑空间形制,探寻影响其发展的内在和外在因素,从而进一步探究如何保持撒拉族清真寺的民族性和地域性。本文首先概述在文化交融背景下中国伊斯兰教清真寺建筑缘起与发展,进而研究撒拉族清真寺的历史沿革与基本特征。深入研究撒拉族清真寺形成背景以及历史演变过程,研究其布局形制以及建筑单体形制,即其选址与布局特征以及建筑单体(礼拜殿、宣礼楼、寺门等)基本特征。其次,对循化境内清真寺进行梳理并选取案例分类研究。通过对境内清真寺的实地调研测绘,以主体建筑礼拜殿为主要因素将境内清真寺分为传统式清真寺、中阿结合式清真寺、阿拉伯式,分析比较三种不同空间形制类型清真寺的选址特征、布局特征、建筑单体、装饰艺术特点等方面的共性与差异性。最后,总结撒拉族清真寺空间形制特征,深入分析其建筑的文化内涵,并探究影响其建筑空间形制的因素以及今后的发展之路。通过上述分析研究可知撒拉族清真寺空间形制共分为中国传统式、中阿结合式、阿拉伯式三类,其主要是受多元文化、物质及自然环境以及人的主观意识等因素影响。其中,中国传统式清真寺承载了更多的中国传统建筑文化、伊斯兰建筑文化、蒙藏文化等多元文化,凸显了撒拉族的地域性与民族性、适应性与创新性,具有更高的历史意义和研究价值。因此,撒拉族清真寺空间形制在今后的发展中应以中国传统式建筑为主,以便更好的弘扬撒拉族清真寺建筑文化。
[Abstract]:The Sala nationality is a nation formed by the blending of Chinese culture and Islamic culture in the spreading process of Islamic culture in Qinghai, and through the mutual blending with the local Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui and other national cultures, a pluralistic national cultural system has been formed. Sala mosques are the direct external manifestation influenced by the multi-cultural pattern. The architectural spatial form of the mosque is of unique nationality and region, bearing abundant cultural information, and has high historical value and social and cultural value. With the rapid development of urbanization, the increasingly prominent foreign culture, the transformation of people's subjective consciousness, the Salar mosque architecture bears a huge cultural shock, and its architectural characteristics gradually appear pluralism, losing its national characteristics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further research on the Salar mosque architecture, to provide more theoretical reference and reference for the preservation and development of Sala architecture culture. Based on the background of cultural blending, from the perspective of religion and history, the paper begins to study the spatial form of Salar mosques by means of literature investigation, field investigation, comparative study, induction and deduction, etc. This paper explores the internal and external factors that affect the development of the mosque, and further explores how to maintain the national and regional character of the Salar mosque. This paper first summarizes the origin and development of Chinese Islamic mosques under the background of cultural blending, and then studies the historical evolution and basic characteristics of Salar mosques. The formation background and historical evolution process of Sala mosques are studied in depth, and the layout and architectural monomorphism are studied, that is, the location and layout characteristics of the mosque and the basic characteristics of the monolithic building (worship hall, Xuanli building, monastery gate, etc.). Secondly, sorting out the Xunhua mosques and selecting the case classification study. Through the field investigation and mapping of mosques in China, the mosques in the territory are divided into traditional mosques, Chinese-Arab mosques and Arab-style mosques, taking the main building of worship halls as the main factors. This paper analyzes and compares the common features and differences of the three types of mosques in terms of location characteristics, layout features, architectural monomers and decorative art features. Finally, the paper summarizes the characteristics of the spatial form of the Salar mosque, deeply analyzes the cultural connotation of its architecture, and probes into the factors that affect the shape of its architectural space and the way of its development in the future. Through the above analysis and research, it can be seen that the spatial form of the Salar mosques is divided into three types: Chinese traditional style, Sino-Arab combination type and Arab style, which are mainly influenced by multicultural, material and natural environment and subjective consciousness of human beings and so on. Among them, Chinese traditional mosques carry more Chinese traditional architectural culture, Islamic architectural culture, Mongolian and Tibetan culture and so on, which highlights the regional and national character, adaptability and innovation of the Salas. It has higher historical significance and research value. Therefore, in the future development of the spatial form of Sala mosques, Chinese traditional architecture should be the main part in order to better carry forward the construction culture of Sala mosques.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU252

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