典型石漠化地区油茶种植效益研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 11:18

【摘要】：石漠化是指在喀斯特脆弱生态环境下,由于人类不合理的社会经济活动而造成人地矛盾突出,植被破坏,水土流失,土地生产能力衰退,地表呈现类似荒漠景观的岩石逐渐裸露的演变过程。我国西南地区每年石漠化面积按2%递增。石漠化不但加剧了岩溶地区的贫困状况,还威胁到长江和珠江中下游的生态安全。因此石漠化治理刻不容缓。油茶是我国特有的木本食用油料树种。油茶有适生性强的特点,是石漠化地区生态治理与恢复的先锋树种。重庆秀山县境内分布着大面积的石漠化土地。秀山县为了治理石漠化,重庆秀山县从2000年开始在石漠化地区退耕还林种植油茶。为了研究油茶在典型石漠化地区种植的效益,本文在秀山石漠化地区选取15a生油茶林作为研究对象。论文方法：以每隔200m的海拔梯度选取3个油茶林样地,采集林下土壤带回实验室分析,获取生态效益分析所需数据,同时选取立地条件相似的坡耕地作为对照；通过发放问卷的形式收集经济效益和社会效益分析所需要的数据。共收回270份有效问卷。问卷的内容主要包括15a生油茶林每年的种植成本和收入、农户的家庭收入状况、种植油茶过程中存在的问题等。研究的主要内容包括油茶在秀山县石漠化地区种植的生态效益、经济效益以及社会效益,其中生态效益主要研究油茶林对石漠化地区土壤的改善和保护作用。通过分析得出一下结论：(1)生态效益显著。15a油茶林土壤的物理状况有明显的改善,15a生油茶林地的土壤含水量、总孔隙度、毛管空隙度、非毛管空隙度分别比坡耕地高出8.5%、3.4%、10.1%、1.2%个百分点,土壤容重下降了0.24g/cm3,把15a生油茶林土壤物理指标与坡耕地土壤物理各指标做了差异显著性分析,结果各指标p值均小于0.05,说明在石漠化地区栽植油茶,可以很好的改善土壤的物理性状。在土壤化学性质方面,15a生油茶林地在土壤有机质、全N、全k、全P含量上分别比坡耕地高出9.1g/kg、5.3g/kg、2.1g/kg、0.9g/kg,土壤的pH值下降了1.4,把15a生油茶林与坡耕地土壤化学性质的做了差异显著性分析,除了在全N的含量对比上不明显,其他指标p值均小于0.05,说明在石漠化地区栽植油茶可以有效的改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。通过对15a生油茶林生态效益的计量分析,得出以下结果,15a生油茶林每年水源涵养效益经济价值为2522元/hm2、固土保肥效益经济价值为7131元/hm2、固碳释氧效益3656元/hm2。(2)经济效益显著：15a生油茶林累计净现金流量为69375元/667m2、产投比为9.3、投资回收率为56%、累计净现值为24920.68元/667m2、内部收益率为35%、静态投资回收期为4.1a、动态投资回收期为8.1a。选择当地有代表性的农作物进行产投比对比分析,结果油茶分别比水稻、玉米、金银花、花椒、果树高出6.87、7.5、1.6、6.1、0.54,这说明在石漠化地区种植油茶经济效益更为明显。(3)社会效益好。15a生油茶林平均每年需要18个工/667m2,这可以为当地闲置劳动力提供就业机会；从2000年到2014年的问被调查的油茶农户平均家庭纯收入有了较大幅度的提高,从8000元增长到的20040元,增长近151%,平均每户家庭纯收入累计18.2万元,其中务工收入9.2万元,所占比例为51%,其次是种植油茶所取得的收入5.8万元,所占比例为32%,通过分析油茶收入与农户家庭纯收入关联度,R2=0.7,可见在秀山县石漠化地区发展油茶种植,对当地农民增收起到了非常大的作用；72%的油茶种植农户对油茶种植持肯定和积极的态度；当地农户在种植油茶的过程中主要遇存在的问题有单产低管理粗放、产业化水平低、种植服务体系不完善、管理观念落后等问题。
[Abstract]:Rocky desertification refers to the process of evolution in which rocks similar to desert landscape are gradually exposed under the fragile Karst Eco-environment due to human unreasonable social and economic activities. Rocky desertification area increases by 2% every year in southwest China. Camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China. It is a pioneer tree species for ecological control and restoration in rocky desertification areas. It is widely distributed in Xiushan County, Chongqing. In order to control rocky desertification, Xiushan County of Chongqing began planting Camellia oleifera in 2000. In order to study the benefits of planting Camellia oleifera in Typical Rocky Desertification areas, 15-year-old Camellia oleifera forest was selected as the research object in Xiushan rocky desertification area. Three sample plots of Camellia oleifera forest were selected to collect soil samples for laboratory analysis, and the data needed for ecological benefit analysis were obtained. Sloping farmland with similar site conditions was selected as the control. The data needed for economic and social benefit analysis were collected by sending out questionnaires. A total of 270 valid questionnaires were collected. The main contents of the study include the ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits of Camellia oleifera planting in rocky desertification area of Xiushan County. The ecological benefits of Camellia oleifera planting in rocky desertification area are mainly studied. The results showed that: (1) The ecological benefits of Camellia oleifera forest were remarkable. The soil physical conditions of Camellia oleifera forest in 15A were improved obviously. The soil water content, total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were 8.5%, 3.4%, 10.1% and 1.2% higher than those of sloping farmland, respectively. The soil bulk density decreased by 0.24g/cm. 3. The difference of soil physical indexes between 15-year-old Camellia oleifera plantation and sloping farmland was analyzed. The results showed that the P value of each index was less than 0.05, which indicated that planting Camellia oleifera in rocky desertification area could improve soil physical properties very well. The soil pH value decreased by 1.4 when compared with sloping farmland, 9.1 g/kg, 5.3 g/kg, 2.1 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg, respectively. The difference of soil chemical properties between 15-year-old Camellia oleifera forest and sloping farmland was significant. Except for the content of total N, other indexes P value was less than 0.05, indicating that planting Camellia oleifera in rocky desertification area could improve soil effectively. The results showed that the economic value of water conservation benefit was 2522 yuan / hm2, the economic value of soil and fertilizer conservation benefit was 7131 yuan / hm2, and the carbon fixation and oxygen release benefit was 3656 yuan / hm2. It is 69375 yuan/667 m2, the ratio of output to investment is 9.3, the investment recovery rate is 56%, the cumulative net present value is 24920.68 yuan/667 m2, the internal rate of return is 35%, the static investment recovery period is 4.1a, the dynamic investment recovery period is 8.1a. Select the representative local crops to carry on the comparative analysis of output and investment, the result is that the oil-tea is higher than rice, corn, honeysuckle, prickly ash and fruit tree respectively. The results showed that the economic benefits of planting Camellia oleifera in rocky desertification area were more obvious. (3) The social benefits were better. The average annual labor demand of raw Camellia oleifera plantation in 15A was 18 workers/667m2, which could provide employment opportunities for the local idle labor force. From 2000 to 2014, the net income of the average household of the Camellia oleifera households surveyed had a large margin. Increase, from 8000 yuan to 2040 yuan, an increase of nearly 151%, the average net income per household accumulated 182,000 yuan, of which 92,000 yuan was the income of migrant workers, accounting for 51%, followed by cultivation of Camellia oleifera income 58,000 yuan, accounting for 32%. By analyzing the relationship between Camellia oleifera income and household net income, R2 = 0.7, it can be seen in Xiushan County. The development of Camellia oleifera planting in rocky desertification area has played a very important role in increasing local farmers'income; 72% of Camellia oleifera planting farmers have positive attitude towards Camellia oleifera planting; the main problems encountered by local farmers in the process of planting Camellia oleifera are low yield, extensive management, low level of industrialization, imperfect planting service system and management concept. Backward and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S794.4

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