川西衙署园林艺术探析

发布时间：2018-09-04 12:25

【摘要】：衙署是中国古代官吏办理公务的地方,是国家政权宣化地方的一种象征。自秦汉实行郡县制以来,由于官员异地任职且频繁调动,官员的治所与住所皆由国家提供。唐宋时期,社会繁荣昌盛,各地政府纷纷参与园林的兴建,或在衙署庭院中稍作绿化点缀,或于衙署内住房后院建置园林,形成由“治”、“宅”、“园”三部分构成的衙署建筑群落。此外,一些由官方修建的园林尽管脱离于衙署建筑,但其修建目的主要是为官员提供雅集、宴饮、赏游的功能,因而与前者共同组成了衙署园林这一独特的园林类型。衙署园林是中国古典园林体系中的分支,但相关研究却较少。由于多数在历史上受兵燹之灾或因朝代更替,衙署逐渐湮没荒废,即使有的保存下来,也多被辟为其他类型的园林,早已失去当年衙署园林的影子,因此增加了研究的难度。川西衙署园林萌芽于先秦兴盛于唐宋,既含有西蜀园林的地域风格,又保留官家园林的场所特征,在川西古典园林中占有一席之地。目前众多学者对川西衙署园林的历史沿革、山水结构、造园艺术及人文内涵等都有较为深入的研究,但多以个案为例,缺乏系统性和整体性。本文以川西地区自唐宋以来具有代表性的衙署园林作为研究对象,力求从系统和整体的角度探析川西衙署园林这一类型的园林特征。研究采用文献收集、实地调研、分析归纳等方法,通过查阅相关的研究成果以及摄影、访谈获取现场资料归纳总结出川西衙署园林的艺术特征。文章的研究内容主要包含三个部分：第一部分简介地方衙署建置的基本概况,从官员存在的等级观念、追求的理想人格等方面分析其心理活动,并简要探讨地方衙署建筑及园林的营造规制,为后续研究作铺垫。第二部分从宏观层面探讨影响川西衙署园林形成的自然因素、政治因素、经济因素和文化因素,再探究川西衙署园林从始建、兴盛至衰落、重建各个时期的发展状况,以及具备的社会功能,并依据园林的位置、建造目的、特征等,将衙署园林分为衙署花园、独立园池、亭台楼阁和驿站园林这四类。第三部分为本文的重点,从微观层面分析川西衙署园林的选址具有居中、势高、向阳、交通便利等特点；衙署园林在城市景观中的所占的比重较高,与城市景观形成互为借鉴的关系；并依据空间大小及围合程度将衙署园林分为三种类型,探究各类型的布局特征；再分析造园要素的特点以及衙署园林的文化内涵。依据前文论述,对川西衙署园林的特征进行总结。首先从衙署园林相关研究中探讨出衙署园林的从属性质,衙署园林归“政府所有”,属于“官产园林”。其次,从川西衙署园林的影响因素、历史沿革中寻找出各种类型的衙署园林,分析其社会功能,得出衙署园林不仅是官员宴饮和游赏的主要场所,同时还具备“多种功能”,形成“协同作用”的有机整体。在此基础上对其进行分类,并探析其园林艺术特征,从选址、与城市景观格局关系、空间布局、园林要素等方面总结出四个特征：“选址优越,以观城池”、“宏伟壮丽,以立官威”、“礼制秩序,等级差异”、“景致疏朗,风格古朴”。从人文内涵中总结出具有“公共开放,与民同乐”的特性。
[Abstract]:Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the government offices and residences have been provided by the state because of the frequent transfer of officials from other places. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the society was prosperous, and governments from all over the country participated in the construction of gardens or courtyards. Some of the official gardens, though separated from the official buildings, were built mainly for the purpose of providing elegant gathering, feasting and sightseeing for officials. Yashu Garden is a unique type of garden. Yashu Garden is a branch of Chinese classical garden system, but there are few related studies. Because most of the Yashu Garden was destroyed by military forces in history or because of dynasties, Yashu Garden gradually disappeared and abandoned. Even if some of them were preserved, they were mostly turned into other types of gardens, and lost the Yashu Garden for a long time. Western Sichuan Yadian Garden sprouted in the pre-Qin Dynasty and flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It not only contains the regional style of Western Shu Garden, but also retains the site features of official gardens. It occupies a place in Western Sichuan classical gardens. This paper takes the representative Yadian gardens in Western Sichuan since Tang and Song Dynasties as the research object, and tries to explore the characteristics of this type of gardens from a systematic and holistic point of view. By consulting the relevant research results and photography, interviewing and gathering on-the-spot information, the paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of the garden of the Ya's office in Western Sichuan. The research contents of the article mainly include three parts: The first part briefly introduces the basic situation of the construction of the local Ya's office, and analyzes it from the perspectives of the hierarchical concept of officials'existence and the pursuit of ideal personality. The second part discusses the natural factors, political factors, economic factors and cultural factors that affect the formation of the garden, and then explores the development of the garden from the beginning, prosperity to decline, reconstruction of each period. The third part is the focus of this paper. From the micro-level analysis, the site selection of the Yatu Garden in Western Sichuan has the characteristics of center, high potential, sunny and convenient transportation. Yadian gardens occupy a higher proportion in urban landscape, and form a mutual reference relationship with urban landscape; and according to the size and degree of enclosure Yadian gardens are divided into three types, explore the layout characteristics of various types; and then analyze the characteristics of garden elements and the cultural connotation of Yadian gardens. First of all, the subordinate nature of the Yadian Garden is discussed from the related research of the Yadian Garden, and the Yadian Garden is owned by the government and belongs to the official garden. It is not only the main place for official banquets and tours, but also has "multiple functions" to form an organic whole of "synergy". From the humanistic connotation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of "public openness, sharing happiness with the people".
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.1

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