包头市青山区道路绿地景观调查及发展对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 07:48

【摘要】：本文选取包头市青山区城区内具有代表性的61条道路(共计68个道路样段)作为研究对象,对道路的绿化断面布置形式、植物物种组成及数量、植物物种多样性、植物景观配置模式、植物观赏特性5个方面进行调查研究,运用数理统计方法分析目前所存在的问题并予以解决对策,同时将调查研究结果运用到具体案例实践当中,为青山区今后道路绿地的提升改造提供一些参考。主要研究结果如下:1.道路绿化断面布置形式包括一板两带式、两板三带式、三板四带式、四板五带式和特殊板式5种类型,其中一板两带式的道路样段最多,四板五带式的最少。2.现有道路绿化植物21科36属55种,行道树绿带中以国槐、新疆杨、小叶杨等乔木为主要应用树种;中央分车绿带中灌木植物应用相对较多,尤以紫丁香、榆叶梅为主;两侧分车绿带中国槐与水蜡篱的应用频率最高;路侧绿带中的植物种类最为丰富,各类型植物的应用数量也较多。3.道路绿地中的乔木、灌木物种丰富度平均值分别为2.791和3.909、Simpson指数平均值分别为0.225和0.361、Shannon-wiener指数平均值分别为0.415和0.704、Pielou指数平均值分别为0.333和0.504,各项多样性测算指标均偏低。不同类型的道路其多样性测算指标结果有较大差异,即主干路次干路支路。4.调查道路的植物景观配置模式因道路绿带的不同而有所差异。行道树绿带的景观配置模式比较简单且多为单层乔木结构;中央分车绿带包括2种景观配置模式,整体景观特征以自然式为主;两侧分车绿带的景观配置模式灵活多变,同一道路样段中的配置模式也不尽相同;路侧绿带的植物景观配置模式多达9种,景观配置结构最为复杂。5.调查的55种观赏植物中,包括观花、观果、观叶、观枝干、观形等多个观赏要素;植物色彩特性分析表明,观花植物的色系最为丰富;植物季相特征在春、夏、秋三季变化明显,冬季道路景观非常单调。现状存在的问题:(1)道路绿化布置形式单一,道路绿量偏低;(2)绿化植物种类不够丰富,应用比例失衡;(3)乔灌木物种多样性数值较低,不同类型道路多样性差异大;(4)植物景观配置资源分布不均,缺少当地文化特色。提出的发展对策:(1)完善道路绿化布置形式,合理增加绿量;(2)依据现状增加植物品种,调整应用结构;(3)提高乔灌木物种多样程度,减小不同类型道路多样性差异;(4)优化植物景观配置资源,挖掘当地文化内涵。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 61 representative roads in Qingshan District of Baotou City (68 sections of roads) were selected as the research objects. The layout of green section, the composition and quantity of plant species, and the diversity of plant species were studied. Plant landscape configuration model, plant ornamental characteristics of five aspects of investigation and study, using mathematical statistics to analyze the existing problems and to solve the countermeasures, at the same time, the results of the investigation and research will be applied to the practice of specific cases, It will provide some reference for the improvement of road green space in the future in Qingshan area. The main results are as follows: 1. The layout of road greening section includes one plate and two bands, two plates and three bands, three plates and four bands, four plates and five bands, and five special plate types, among which, one plate and two bands are the most, and the four plates and five bands are the least. 2. There are 55 species of road greening plants belonging to 36 genera and 21 families. In the green belt of road trees, the trees such as Sophora japonica, Populus sinensis and Populus poplar are used as the main applied trees, and shrub plants in the central branch green belt are used more frequently, especially lilac and elm leaves. The frequency of application of locust and hedgerow was the highest in China, and the species of plants in the roadside green belt was the most abundant, and the number of different types of plants was also more. 3. The average values of species richness of trees and shrubs in road green land were 2.791 and 3.909 respectively, and the average values of Shannon-wiener index were 0.225 and 0.361, respectively. The average values of Shannon-wiener index were 0.415 and 0.704 Pielou index, respectively, 0.333 and 0.504, respectively. Different types of roads have great differences in the results of their diversity measurement index, that is, the main trunk road sub-trunk road branch road. 4. The plant landscape pattern of road was different according to the road green belt. The landscape configuration model of the green belt is simple and mostly single-layer Arbor structure; the central vehicle green belt includes two kinds of landscape configuration mode, the overall landscape characteristic is mainly natural type; the landscape configuration mode of the green belt on both sides is flexible and changeable, and the landscape configuration mode of the green belt is flexible and changeable. There are 9 plant landscape patterns in the roadside green belt, and the landscape configuration structure is the most complex. 5. Among the 55 ornamental plants investigated, there are many ornamental elements, such as flower, fruit, leaf, branches, shape, etc. The color characteristics of the plants are the most abundant, and the seasonal characteristics of the plants are in spring and summer. The autumn three seasons change obviously, the winter road landscape is very monotonous. The existing problems are as follows: (1) the form of road greening is single, the green quantity of road is low; (2) the species of greening plant is not rich enough, and the application proportion is out of balance; (3) the value of species diversity of tree and shrub is low. (4) the distribution of plant landscape resources is uneven and lack of local cultural characteristics. The development countermeasures are as follows: (1) to improve the layout of road greening, to increase the green quantity reasonably; (2) to increase plant varieties and adjust the application structure according to the present situation; (3) to improve the diversity of tree and shrub species. Reduce the diversity of different types of roads; (4) optimize the allocation of plant landscape resources, mining local cultural connotations.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU985.18

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