青海湟中银铜器锻造工艺及工匠群体研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 10:47

【摘要】：“湟中银铜器制作及鎏金工艺”是国家级非物质文化遗产,它孕育于青海藏传佛教圣地塔尔寺旁,经过明清以来数百年的发展,成为了湟中当地最具特色和最为兴旺发达的手工艺行业。这里的传统金属工艺囊括了银铜器锻造、铸造等成型工艺及鎏金等表面处理工艺。银铜器锻造工艺则是其中使用最多、发展最好、传承最广的重要部分。本文结合文献分析法和田野考察法,对“湟中银铜器制作及鎏金工艺”当中银铜器锻造工艺部分,就其历史发展、工匠群体、产品类别、工具技法、艺术风貌等方面进行全面深入的系统研究。湟中银铜器锻造工艺因其复杂性和特殊性,使其成为湟中多民族多宗教文化的一个重要缩影和典型代表。由汉族工匠锻造富有藏族与藏传佛教特色的银铜器物,是湟中银铜器锻造工艺最主要的特征,这是在全国其他地方都没有的一道独一无二的工艺人文风景。本文首先根据文献从历史的角度探析湟中银铜器锻造工艺的孕育的环境、技艺来源和不同时期的发展概况。将其放置于特定的时间和空间语境中理解,以期更好的梳理它和当地宗教、民族、经济、文化之间的文脉关系。论文的主要内容为2013年5月份对湟中银铜器锻造工艺实地考察成果的呈现。作为这一非物质文化遗产“活”的载体,湟中工匠的民族成分、迁徙历史、传承关系、年龄层次、宗教信仰、素质水平都与湟中锻造银铜器的整体风貌切切相关。笔者依据受访工匠的提供的信息,试着从生产者的角度分析工匠群体特征对于这门传统金属工艺产生哪些作用和影响,由点到面的认识和思考湟中地区的民族关系和宗教关系。对于湟中常见和代表性锻造银铜器物、以及银铜器制作的工艺技法、工具材料的介绍,也是本文的核心部分。笔者通过类比湟中与西藏、云南等地金属工艺,生动详实的反映湟中锻造工艺的发展现状和历史特点,总结其工艺和艺术特征。最后,笔者对湟中银铜器锻造工艺将面临的机遇与考验提出了自己的一些见解,希望对这一传统金属工艺在现代社会的传承与发扬有所裨益。
[Abstract]:As a national intangible cultural heritage, Huangzhong Silver Bronze making and Gold Gilt is a national intangible cultural heritage. It was conceived next to the Tibetan Buddhist shrine in Qinghai, and has been developed for hundreds of years since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Huangzhong has become the most characteristic and the most prosperous handicraft industry. The traditional metal processes include silver copper forging, casting and gold plating. Silver copper forging process is the most used, the best development, the most extensive inheritance of the important part. Based on the literature analysis and field investigation, this paper deals with the historical development, craftsman group, product category, tool technique of "silver bronze ware making and gold-gilding process" in Huangzhong, as well as the forging process of silver bronze ware in Huangzhong. The artistic style and features and so on carry on the comprehensive and thorough systematic research. Because of its complexity and particularity, the silver-bronze forging technology in Huangzhong has become an important epitome and a typical representative of the multi-ethnic and multi-religious culture in Huangzhong. Forging silver-copper objects with Tibetan and Tibetan Buddhist characteristics by Han craftsmen is the most important feature of the silver-copper forging process in Huangzhong, which is a unique craft and humanistic landscape not found in other parts of the country. In this paper, we first analyze the breeding environment, technical origin and development situation of silver and copper forging technology in Huangzhong from the historical point of view. Put it in a specific time and space context to understand, in order to better comb it and the local religion, nationality, economy, culture between the context. The main content of this paper is to present the field investigation results of silver and copper forging process in Huangzhong in May 2013. As the carrier of this intangible cultural heritage, the ethnic composition, migration history, inheritance relationship, age level, religious belief and quality level of craftsmen in Huangzhong are all closely related to the overall style and features of silver and bronze ware forged in Huangzhong. Based on the information provided by the artisans interviewed, the author tries to analyze the effects and effects of the artisans' group characteristics on this traditional metal craft from the perspective of the producers, and to think about the ethnic and religious relations in Huangzhong area from point to plane. It is also the core part of this paper to introduce the common and representative forged silver-copper utensils in Huangzhong, as well as the technique of making silver-copper ware and the material of tools. By analogy with the metal craftwork in Huangzhong, Tibet and Yunnan, the author vividly reflects the present situation and historical characteristics of the forging process in Huangzhong, and summarizes its technological and artistic features. Finally, the author puts forward some opinions on the opportunities and tests that the silver and copper forging technology will face in Huangzhong, hoping to benefit the inheritance and development of this traditional metal craft in modern society.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J526.1

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