高海拔地区大型输电项目环境影响评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 14:45

【摘要】：电力工业是国民经济的基础产业,为了适应社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,电网企业需要持续推进电网建设,以确保电网的不断发展和社会用电量的不断增长,从而成为国家物质文明和精神文明发展的重要基础保障。2010年7月29日连接青海和西藏的能源大动脉—青藏电网联网工程在青海格尔木和西藏拉萨同时开工建设,2011年11月青藏联网工程建设任务完成,标志着世界最高海拔的最大输电工程全面建成,并投入试运行。青藏联网工程是世界上海拔最高、线路最长的输变电工程。特殊的建设环境和运行环境,使得它与一般项目具有特殊的差异性,因此需要以新的方法和新的视角对环境影响进行评价。本文以电网建设项目后评价理论尤其是电网建设项目环境影响后评价理论为理论基础,以青藏联网工程为研究对象,深入分析了高海拔地区大型输电项目的环境特征并依此建立了高海拔地区特有的环境影响评价指标体系,主要包括自然环境、社会环境以及经济环境三个方面,通过对指标体系的特性进行研究后选取改进的熵权可拓法对其环境影响进行评价,最后得出该输电项目对自然环境污染较小,竣工投入使用后所产生的工频电场、工频磁场、噪声值都符合国家规定的标准,没有破坏沿线的自然人文景观,废弃物和污染物治理及时;对生态环境影响较小,对沿途涉及到的珍贵野生动植物的破坏和影响降到了较低水平,项目施工完成后较及时的恢复了绿化水平和植被覆盖率,基本符合行业的标准。
[Abstract]:Electric power industry is the basic industry of national economy. In order to adapt to the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, power grid enterprises need to continue to promote the construction of power grid, in order to ensure the continuous development of power grid and the continuous growth of social electricity consumption. This has become an important basic guarantee for the development of national material civilization and spiritual civilization. The energy artery connecting Qinghai and Tibet on July 29, 2010-the Qinghai-Tibet power grid interconnection project began construction in Golmud, Qinghai, and Lhasa, Tibet, at the same time, 2011. In November 2000, the Qinghai-Tibet network project was completed. Marking the world's highest elevation of the largest transmission project completed, and put into trial operation. Qinghai-Tibet network project is the highest elevation and longest transmission and transformation project in the world. The special construction environment and the running environment make it have special difference from the general project, so it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impact with new methods and new perspectives. Based on the post-evaluation theory of power grid construction project, especially the post-evaluation theory of environmental impact of power grid construction project, this paper takes the Qinghai-Tibet network project as the research object. Based on the analysis of the environmental characteristics of large power transmission projects in high-altitude areas, a specific environmental impact assessment index system for high-altitude areas is established, which includes three aspects: natural environment, social environment and economic environment. Through the study of the characteristics of the index system, the improved entropy weight extension method is selected to evaluate the environmental impact. Finally, it is concluded that the power frequency electric field and the power frequency magnetic field produced by the transmission project are less polluted to the natural environment and put into use after the completion of the project. The noise values all conform to the standards prescribed by the state, do not destroy the natural and cultural landscape along the line, and the waste and pollutants are treated in a timely manner; and the impact on the ecological environment is relatively small. The destruction and influence of the precious wildlife involved along the way has been reduced to a lower level, and the greening level and vegetation coverage have been restored in time after the completion of the project construction, which basically accords with the standards of the industry.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;F426.61

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