五种绿化树容器苗基质配比研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 11:09

【摘要】：容器育苗作为一项先进技术,早已被当今世界各国广泛推广应用,而基质是培育容器苗的关键之一,会直接影响到容器苗的生长发育,育苗基质既要能满足苗木生长的需求,在基质的选择上还要考虑就近及环保原则,将农林废弃物经过处理后,不但可以作为育苗基质还避免了资源的浪费和环境污染。本文以桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、山茶(Camellia japonica)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、对节白蜡(Farxinus hupehensis)和银杏(Ginkgo biloba)这五种观赏实用价值高并且是园林绿化的优良树种为试验材料,采用不同比例的田园土、环保肥料和珍珠岩为育苗基质,结合不同基质配比的理化性质分析,探讨不同基质配比对桂花、山茶、紫薇、对节白蜡和银杏容器苗的影响,分析了容器苗的生长形态和生理特性,筛选出量轻、易于获取又经济环保的基质配比方案,为大面积容器育苗生产提供参考。主要结果如下:(1)测定并分析基质容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙、通气孔隙、持水孔隙度、pH值和EC值等发现,田园土50%、肥料50%的C1号基质其物理性质差异显著,pH值7.03、EC值1.53 ms·cm-1较适宜植株生长;基质配比为田园土43%、肥料43%、珍珠岩14%的C3号基质其物理性质指标差异显著,pH值7.12、EC值1.15ms·cm-1较适宜植株生长;(2)测定并分析山茶二年生容器苗株高、地径、高径比、叶绿素总含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等发现,C1和C3号容器苗生长形态和生理特性指标显著高于C2号基质容器苗和对照,较为适合的基质配比优先推荐田园土43%、肥料43%、珍珠岩14%的C3号基质,其次为田园土50%、肥料50%的C1号基质;(3)测定并分析桂花、紫薇和银杏二年生容器苗株高、地径、高径比、叶绿素总含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等发现,C3号容器苗生长形态和生理特性指标显著高于C1、C2号基质容器苗和对照,较为适合的基质配比是田园土43%、肥料43%、珍珠岩14%的C3号基质;(4)测定并分析对节白蜡二年生容器苗株高、地径、高径比、叶绿素总含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等发现,对照组生长形态和生理特性指标最为显著,因此建议对节白蜡使用田园土进行地栽培育,或考虑减少珍珠岩比例、更改容器苗育苗规格进行进一步探讨;(5)对容器苗育苗成本研究表明,与普通地栽苗相比,容器苗的前期需要基质和容器的资金投入,但其生长状况、苗木质量和景观效果远超地栽苗。
[Abstract]:As an advanced technology, container seedling cultivation has been widely used in many countries all over the world, and the substrate is one of the keys to the cultivation of container seedlings, which will directly affect the growth and development of container seedlings, and the seedling substrate should be able to meet the needs of seedling growth. In the selection of substrate, the principles of proximity and environmental protection should be considered. After the treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes, it can not only be used as substrate for seedling raising, but also avoid the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In this paper, five ornamental and practical trees of Osmanthus camellia (Camellia japonica), (Lagerstroemia indica), (Farxinus hupehensis) and Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), were used as experimental materials. Using different proportion of pastoral soil, environmental protection fertilizer and perlite as seedling substrate, combined with physical and chemical properties analysis of different substrate ratios, the effects of different substrate ratios on Osmanthus osmanthus, Camellia camellia, Lagerstrobus, node white wax and Ginkgo biloba container seedlings were discussed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of container seedling were analyzed, and the medium proportion scheme, which was light, easy to obtain and economical and environmental protection, was selected, which provided a reference for large area container seedling production. The main results are as follows: (1) the physical properties of C _ 1 matrix with 50% of pastoral soil and 50% of fertilizer were determined and analyzed, such as bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aeration pore, water holding porosity, pH value and EC value. The pH value was 7.03 ms cm-1 and EC value 1.53 ms cm-1 was more suitable for plant growth. The physical properties of C _ 3 substrate with 14% perlite were significantly different, and the pH value 7.12C value 1.15ms cm-1 was more suitable for plant growth. (2) the plant height, basal diameter, height / diameter ratio, total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity were determined and analyzed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of C 1 and C 3 container seedlings were significantly higher than those of C 2 container plantlets and controls. The more suitable matrix ratios were recommended as pastoral soil 43, fertilizer 43, perlite 14% C 3, and pastoral soil 50, respectively. Fertilizer 50% of C1 substrate; (3) the plant height, basal diameter, ratio of height to diameter, total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity of container seedlings of Osmanthus fragrans, Lagerstroemia and Ginkgo biloba were determined and analyzed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of C _ 3 container seedling were significantly higher than that of C _ 1 and C _ 2 container seedling and control. The suitable ratio of C _ 3 container seedling and control was rustic soil 43, fertilizer 43, perlite 14% C _ 3 substrate. (4) determination and analysis of plant height, basal diameter, ratio of height to diameter, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity of two-year-old container seedling of Pinellia japonicus. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of the control group were the most significant, so it was suggested to use the garden soil for field cultivation, or to reduce the proportion of perlite, and to change the size of the container seedling for further discussion. (5) the research on the cost of container seedling breeding shows that the container seedling needs the capital input of substrate and container in the early stage, but its growth condition, seedling quality and landscape effect are much higher than those of ground seedling.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S68

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