观赏草在南昌地区的应用及引种研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 11:41

【摘要】：观赏草作为近年来逐渐流行的一类新兴植物造景材料,具有很高的观赏性及环境适应性。本论文以观赏草为研究对象,通过在南昌地区进行调查及引种研究,为观赏草在南昌地区及类似生境地的引种栽培和园林应用提供一定的参考依据。主要研究结果如下:2014年4月至2015年3月在南昌市区园林各绿地类型中选取11个样地进行了调查。结果显示:在11个调查样地中,观赏草共有7科27种(含变种和品种),其中以禾本科居多,有13种;种植方式以丛植、片植居多;观赏特性有叶色、株型、花序等;应用方式主要有地被、水景、花境等。总体来看,南昌园林中观赏草的应用种类偏少,多以传统种类为主,对新兴品种的利用程度还不够,配置模式比较单一。从上海上房园艺有限公司引种10种观赏草,于2014年3月至2015年4月在江西农业大学花卉盆景基地进行为期一年的引种栽培试验。结果显示,紫穗狼尾草、小兔子狼尾草、重金柳枝稷、凌风草、玲珑芒5种暖季型观赏草多于4月返青,花期主要集中在6月到11月,花色各异,花型各异,花期较长。5种冷季型观赏草中,金叶苔草四季常色,适宜南昌地区的园林应用;天蓝草和蓝羊茅的越夏成活率较低,适合冬春两季的园林应用;细茎针茅的长势不佳,初步推论不适合在南昌地区园林中应用;棕叶苔草引种后叶色变化较大,原因有待后续观察。利用灰色关联度分析法,按季节对10种观赏草的观赏价值进行了评价,四季的观赏价值排序从大到小结果如下:春季,金叶苔草、紫穗狼尾草、蓝羊茅、玲珑芒、重金柳枝稷、凌风草、天蓝草、小兔子狼尾草、细茎针茅、棕叶苔草;夏季,紫穗狼尾草、凌风草、玲珑芒、重金柳枝稷、小兔子狼尾草、金叶苔草、细茎针茅、棕叶苔草、蓝羊茅、天蓝草;秋季,紫穗狼尾草、玲珑芒、凌风草、重金柳枝稷、金叶苔草、小兔子狼尾草、细茎针茅、棕叶苔草、蓝羊茅、天蓝草;冬季(因5种暖季型观赏草休眠,故不进行排序),金叶苔草、细茎针茅、棕叶苔草、蓝羊茅、天蓝草。不同的观赏草有着不同的观赏季节和观赏特征,我们应该根据园林景观的需要,结合各种观赏草的特性,进行合理的选择和配置。总体看来,目前南昌园林观赏草种类偏少,应用还不够广泛。引种的10种观赏草中,紫穗狼尾草、小兔子狼尾草、重金柳枝稷、凌风草、玲珑芒和金叶苔草这6种适合南昌地区使用;天蓝草和蓝羊茅适合在冬春两季使用;细茎针茅和棕叶苔草引种后变化大,有待于进一步观测研究。建议在南昌园林中,加大观赏草利用程度,充分发挥观赏草观赏价值独特、适应性强、养护成本低的优势,有利于创建节约型园林和节约型城市。
[Abstract]:Ornamental grass, as a kind of new plant landscape material, has high ornamental and environmental adaptability. This paper takes ornamental grass as the research object, through the investigation and introduction research in Nanchang area, provides certain reference basis for the introduction, cultivation and garden application of ornamental grass in Nanchang area and similar conditions. The main results are as follows: from April, 2014 to March, 2015, 11 plots were selected from each type of green space in Nanchang. The results showed that there were 27 species (including varieties and varieties) of 7 families of ornamental grasses in 11 plots, 13 species were gramineous plants, 13 species were gramineous plants, and the ornamental characters were leaf color, plant type, inflorescence and so on. The main ways of application are land cover, waterscape, flower boundary and so on. In general, the application of ornamental grass in Nanchang garden is relatively small, mostly traditional species, the use of new varieties is not enough, the allocation model is relatively simple. Ten ornamental grass species were introduced from Shanghai Shangfang Horticulture Co., Ltd., and a one-year experiment was carried out in the potted landscape base of Jiangxi Agricultural University from March 2014 to April 2015. The results showed that the five warm season ornamental grasses were more than those in April. The flowering period was mainly from June to November. The flowers were different in color and shape. The flowering period is longer. Among the 5 kinds of cold-season ornamental grasses, Carex chinensis is of constant color in four seasons and suitable for garden application in Nanchang area. The survival rate of oversummer is low, which is suitable for garden application in winter and spring, the growth of Stipa tenuifolia is not good, and the preliminary inference is not suitable for the garden in Nanchang area. The changes of leaf color after introduction of Lichen rugosa were great, and the reasons needed to be observed in the future. The ornamental value of 10 ornamental grasses was evaluated by using grey correlation analysis. The order of ornamental value of four seasons was as follows: in spring, Carex auriculata, Lyrrhena purpurea, Festuca arundinacea, Ring-long awn, heavy gold switchgrass, and so on, the order of ornamental value of four seasons was as follows. Leymus chinensis, bluegrass, Wolfsphae Bunny, Stipa tenuifolia, lichen palmifera; In summer, the purple spiked wolfgrass, Lingfeng grass, Linglong awn, heavy gold switchgrass, small rabbit wolfgrass, golden leaf Carex, fine stem Stipa, brown leaf lichen, blue fescue, bluegrass; Autumn, purple-spiked wolfgrass, Linglong awn, Lingfeng grass, heavy gold switchgrass, Carex auriculata, small rabbit wolfgrass, fine stem Stipa, brown leaf lichen, blue fescue, bluegrass; Winter (because 5 warm season type ornamental grass dormancy, so do not carry on the order), the golden leaf clover, the fine stem needle grass, the brown leaf lichen grass, the blue fescue, the sky blue grass. Different ornamental grasses have different ornamental seasons and ornamental characteristics. We should choose and configure them reasonably according to the needs of landscape and combining with the characteristics of various ornamental grasses. Generally speaking, there are few ornamental grass species in Nanchang garden at present, and their application is not wide enough. Among the 10 ornamental grasses introduced, 6 species were suitable for use in Nanchang area, such as Lyrrhus purpurea, Lyrrhena bunnelis, chrysanthemum millet, Lumbelaria chinensis, Artemisia rugosa and Carex mongolicum, and the two species were suitable for use in winter and spring, and in the winter and spring, 6 species were suitable for use in Nanchang area. The changes of Stipa tenuifolia and Lichen palmifera after introduction are great, which need further observation and study. It is suggested that the utilization of ornamental grass should be increased in Nanchang garden, and the advantages of unique ornamental value, strong adaptability and low maintenance cost should be brought into full play, which is beneficial to the establishment of conservation-type gardens and conservation-type cities.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688

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