环泰山乡村民居庭院研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 22:38

【摘要】：中国的庭院类型众多,民居庭院是庭院形式的重要分支。民居庭院有着基数大、分布广、地域特征明显的特点。泰山景区周边的民居历史悠久,是泰山人文景观不可或缺的部分,它的发展变迁受到自然地理环境、社会经济条件、景区管理制度、泰山地域文化等要素的影响。本文以环泰山乡村民居庭院为研究对象,运用多学科交叉类比法、实地调研法、问卷与访谈法、系统分析法等,对泰山乡村庭院景观及其演变进行了研究,提出了泰山乡村庭院的改造模式和营建思路,以期在泰山乡村庭院人居环境建设中提供一定的理论与实践参考,主要研究成果为:(1)基于泰山研究区的自然、历史与人文背景的分析,对研究区内村落的演变及民居文化进行了梳理。村落多肇始于明清时期,聚集而建;村落命名以姓氏命名、景点名称命名为主,以传说故事、山水地势等自然地理特征命名次之,另有以地理方位、经济特产命名。民居具有鲜明的地域特征,多就地取材,因势而建。(2)通过对泰山乡村民居庭院景观要素和特征体系分析,按照泰山乡村庭院的形制,可划分为四合院、三合院、“L”型合院及一合院四种类型;其庭院景观的构成要素包括建筑、宅门、院墙、影壁、植被及其他附属要素等,同时对庭院空间布局及其空间序列组织、庭院空间蕴含的精神内涵进行了较深入的探讨。(3)针对影响居民建房改院的相关因素,运用spss20.0系统处理分析调研数据。通过logistics回归模型分析庭院变迁驱动因素,其中主要驱动力影响排序为:景区管理制度约束(x13)家庭经济收入变化(x8)生活方式变化(x9)乡村旅游发展(x16)家庭人口结构变化(x7)家庭年收入(x1)文化程度(x2)农村宅基地制度(x11)传统文化习俗(x15)。(4)针对泰山乡村发展中出现的民居庭院荒弃、新民居庭院文化缺失、泰山乡村肌理破坏等诸多问题,选取一个院落,对泰山乡村民居庭院设计进行模式探索:庭院主要使用者是村民,庭院作为村民的生产和生活空间,无论是其功能与形式、建造材质与手法,都是泰山本土村民沿承下来的居住文化。因而,当前的庭院建设需结合村民的新需求进行,以实现对乡村人居文化的传承与保护。
[Abstract]:There are many types of courtyard in China, and residential courtyard is an important branch of courtyard form. Residential courtyard has the characteristics of large base, wide distribution and obvious regional characteristics. The folk houses around Mount Tai Scenic area have a long history and are an indispensable part of Mount Tai's humanistic landscape. Its development and vicissitude is influenced by natural geographical environment, social and economic conditions, scenic area management system, Taishan regional culture and so on. In this paper, the landscape and evolution of rural courtyard in Mount Tai are studied by means of multi-disciplinary cross-analogy, field investigation, questionnaire and interview, systematic analysis and so on. In order to provide some theoretical and practical references in the construction of rural courtyard residential environment in Mount Tai, the main research results are as follows: (1) based on the nature of Mount Tai research area, the paper puts forward the reconstruction mode and construction idea of Taishan rural courtyard. Through the analysis of the historical and humanistic background, the evolution of the villages and the residential culture in the study area are sorted out. The villages began in the Ming and Qing dynasties, gathered and built; the village name was named by surname, the name of scenic spots was mainly named, followed by the legend story, landscape topography and other natural geographical characteristics, and other geographical location, economic specialty naming. Folk houses have distinct regional characteristics, they are mostly based on local materials and built because of potential. (2) by analyzing the landscape elements and characteristic system of Taishan rural residential courtyard, according to the shape of Taishan rural courtyard, it can be divided into quadrangles, Sanheyuan, There are four types of "L" type and one school; The elements of the courtyard landscape include architecture, house door, courtyard wall, shadow wall, vegetation and other ancillary elements. Meanwhile, the layout of courtyard space and its spatial sequence are organized. The spiritual connotation of courtyard space is deeply discussed. (3) aiming at the related factors of residential housing reform, we use spss20.0 system to analyze the investigation data. The driving factors of courtyard transition were analyzed by logistics regression model. The order of the main driving forces is: scenic spot management system constraint (x13) family income change (x8) lifestyle change (x9) rural tourism development (x16) family demographic change (x7) family income (x7) X1) the degree of culture (x2) the rural homestead system (x11) traditional cultural customs (x15). (4) aimed at the abandoned courtyard of dwelling houses in rural development of Mount Taishan. There are many problems such as the lack of courtyard culture in the new residence, the destruction of the texture of Taishan village, and so on. A courtyard is chosen to explore the pattern of the courtyard design of the rural dwelling in Mount Tai: the main users of the courtyard are the villagers, the courtyard is the production and living space of the villagers, and the courtyard is the production and living space of the villagers. No matter its function and form, construction material and technique, it is the living culture of the native villagers of Mount Tai. Therefore, the current courtyard construction needs to meet the new needs of villagers to achieve the inheritance and protection of rural human settlement culture.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.58

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