重庆近代园林设计语言研究（1891-1949）

发布时间：2018-12-20 18:24

【摘要】：在全球一体化、文化交流频繁的信息时代,园林作品在吸纳外国元素的同时渐渐地迷失了自己,导致园林作品丧失其地域特征。西方文化对重庆园林的影响来源于近代,那时的重庆园林不仅吸纳国外的先进技术和造园理念,同时也保持着自己独有地域风味,是最为精彩纷呈的时期。因此,对重庆近代园林进行调研分析,可以归纳出具有重庆园林特色的普适性语言规则,为重庆园林在园林学科里能够独树一帜提供理论支持,为往后重庆园林的设计提供借鉴。本论文借用语言学的方法,通过对园林作品进行上下文分析、词法分析、句法分析,总结出重庆园林设计语言的典型语言要素。论文主要包括四个大部分:首先介绍了重庆开埠时期(1891-1911)、辛亥革命时期(1911-1929)、建市发展时期(1929-1936)、抗日战争时期(1936-1949)四个时期的经济、政治、文化和该时期典型园林作品;其次对设计语言进行论述,建构出符合重庆的设计语言构架;再次,结合建构的语言框架,对重庆各时期近代园林的设计特征进行量化,将词汇、句法提炼出来;最后是将各个时期典型的词汇、句法二次提炼出来,成为重庆近代园林设计语言,并分析其对现代园林的启示。本论文选择对1891-1949年重庆近代园林设计语言进行研究,取得以下结果。(1)典型词汇有中西合璧的新式建筑、石室、花架、旱桥、防空洞、攒尖飞檐六角亭、运动场、石桌凳、石碑、石雕塑、Y字形台阶、运动场、植物园、动物园、自然景石、花坛、自然水景、分散的水景、青石板、鹅卵石、石混铺装、绿化形成的夹景、斜撑出墙的种植形式、黄葛树、银杏、香樟、茶花、紫藤等。(2)园林场地位置大多位于山顶,但官邸别墅园林大多位于山谷;景区平面布局主要以适应地形线的线性布局和点状布局为主,局部位置会有隐性的景观轴线。景区纵向布局表现适应高差的功能分层线,主要体现在公共园林里。视线结构表现为俯视与仰视的多角度视线变换,借景于山、江、城,视线的不断开合;游览路线以自然形态的套环式园路,平行式园路为主;结构特征为“园中园”微缩形态的传统园林以及“洋为中用”的西方园林的融合。(3)时代背景下人文情怀、政治主张下的人文关怀、对自然山水景观的模仿、西方元素的融合、传统园林手法的延续是影响重庆近代园林设计语言形成的主要原因。
[Abstract]:In the information age of global integration and frequent cultural exchange, garden works gradually lost themselves while absorbing foreign elements, resulting in the loss of their regional characteristics. The influence of western culture on Chongqing gardens came from modern times. At that time, Chongqing gardens not only absorbed foreign advanced technology and gardening ideas, but also maintained their own unique regional flavor, which was the most splendid period. Therefore, through the investigation and analysis of modern gardens in Chongqing, we can conclude the universal language rules with the characteristics of Chongqing gardens, and provide theoretical support for Chongqing gardens to be unique in the field of landscape architecture. For the future design of Chongqing garden to provide reference. By using the linguistic method, this paper summarizes the typical language elements of Chongqing landscape design language through context analysis, lexical analysis and syntactic analysis of garden works. The thesis mainly includes four major parts: firstly, it introduces the economy and politics of the four periods of Chongqing opening port period (1891-1911), 1911 revolution period (1911-1929), establishing city development period (1929-1936), anti-Japanese war period (1936-1949). Culture and typical garden works of this period; Secondly, it discusses the design language and constructs the design language frame in accordance with Chongqing. Thirdly, it quantifies the design characteristics of modern gardens in Chongqing in different periods, abstracts the vocabulary and syntax. Finally, the typical words and syntax of each period are extracted twice and become the modern garden design language of Chongqing, and the enlightenment to modern garden is analyzed. This paper chooses to study the modern garden design language of Chongqing from 1891-1949, and obtains the following results. (1) the typical words include modern buildings, stone rooms, flower shelves, bridges, air-raid shelters, hexagonal pavilions, sports fields, etc. Stone tables and benches, stone tablets, stone sculptures, Y-shaped steps, sports fields, botanical gardens, zoos, natural scenery, flower beds, natural waterscape, scattered water features, bluestone, cobblestone, stone mixed pavement, green landscape, The planting form of oblique propping out wall, yellow kudzu tree, ginkgo biloba, camphor, wisteria, etc. (2) most of the garden sites are located at the top of the mountain, but the villa garden is mostly located in the valley; The main layout of the scenic area is the linear layout and the point layout which adapt to the terrain line, and the local location will have the recessive landscape axis. The vertical layout of scenic spots is mainly reflected in public gardens. The structure of line of sight is the change of multi-angle line of sight from overlooking and looking up, with the view of mountain, river, city, and the continuous opening and closing of the sight, the tour route is the natural form of the loop type garden road, the parallel type garden road is the main; The structure is characterized by the combination of the traditional garden with the miniature form of "garden in the garden" and the western garden of "making use of foreign countries". (3) the humanistic feelings under the background of the times, the humanistic concern under the political proposition, and the imitation of the natural landscape. The integration of western elements and the continuation of traditional garden techniques are the main factors influencing the formation of modern garden design language in Chongqing.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986

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