基于KANO-QFD集成的寒地商业建筑外部空间优化策略研究

发布时间：2019-02-20 09:55

【摘要】：商品经济的飞速发展与国民生活水平的提高,推进了商业建筑数量的增加、建筑规模的扩大、建筑功能的完善以及建筑属性的转变。商业建筑外部空间作为商业建筑的重要组成部分,越来越受到消费者、城市居民、规划师与设计师的重视,并充实人们的消费内容、塑造人们的消费行为,其空间品质关系到消费人群的消费品质与消费方式。对于城市来说,商业建筑外部空间兼具城市外部空间属性,因此商业建筑外部空间也影响城市空间格局与空间形态。在寒地城市的商业建筑外部空间,由于主观与客观、自然与人为因素的存在,使其发展受到了一定程度的制约与影响。首先,冬季严寒气候严苛,历时时间长,给消费过程中的各个环节造成不利影响。其次,由于商业建筑外部空间在规划与设计时往往忽略消费者的主观需求,使得设计结果事与愿违。另外,作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,商业建筑外部空间的规划设计与城市层面脱节,使得其城市功能得不到发挥,使得城市正常运行受制,影响城市系统、全面的发展。基于寒地商业建筑外部空间的现状与问题,本研究引入KANO-QFD集成模型,将QFD的质量功能开源,并与KANO模型对接起来作为分析大型商业建筑外部空间设计要素权重,以及实现其外部空间精准化设计的新方法,为既有建筑设计与研究方法体系提供新的思路。本研究在对商业建筑外部空间使用者进行问卷调查之前,首先通过文献查阅、专家访谈、实地调研等方法拟定了一系列寒地商业建筑外部空间的使用者需求,内容涵盖人群活动类型、活动场地范围、人行车行流线组织、停车场设置、景观小品设施的设计、基础设施的配置、建筑界面与外环境的关系等方面,为寻求使用者对外部空间设计最直接的建议。接着是对调查内容进行分层次与整理,剔除与设计无关要素,从而得到包括商业区位、可达性、基础设施配置等13个主项与31个分项,以此形成调查问卷的主要内容。通过对受访消费者的调查,将其对寒地商业建筑外部空间的各方面需求进行汇总、分类、筛选,并根据必须型需求、期望型需求以及魅力型需求等层级进行分级。根据调研结果,本研究将寒地商业建筑外部空间的优化内容大体分为城市开放性优化、可达性优化、城市性优化、气候适应性优化以及特殊性优化等方面,并根据各自存在的现状问题、自身特性以及使用者的现实需求,有针对性的对各部分提出优化措施与策略。本研究借助KANO-QFD集成模型评价使用者需求的方法,将商业建筑外部空间设计在研究层面、设计层面与使用层面之间实现了对接,以待能够提升寒地大型商业建筑外部空间的设计水平,最终实现增强大型商业建筑外部空间作为“城市客厅”的经济效益、文化效益、社会效益的目标。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of commodity economy and the improvement of national living standard, the number of commercial buildings, the expansion of building scale, the perfection of architectural function and the transformation of architectural attributes have been promoted. As an important part of commercial architecture, the external space of commercial building is paid more and more attention by consumers, urban residents, planners and designers, and enriches people's consumption content and shapes people's consumption behavior. Its spatial quality is related to the consumption quality and consumption mode of consumers. For the city, the outer space of the commercial building has the attribute of the outer space of the city, so the outer space of the commercial building also affects the spatial pattern and the spatial form of the city. In the outer space of commercial buildings in cold cities, the development of commercial buildings is restricted and influenced to a certain extent because of the existence of subjective and objective, natural and human factors. First of all, severe winter cold weather, long time, to the process of consumption has a negative impact. Secondly, because the external space of commercial buildings often ignores the subjective needs of consumers when planning and designing, the design results backfire. In addition, as an important part of the urban public space, the planning and design of the outer space of commercial buildings is out of touch with the urban level, which makes the urban function not play, makes the normal operation of the city restricted, affects the urban system, and the overall development. Based on the current situation and problems of the outer space of commercial buildings in cold region, this paper introduces the KANO-QFD integration model, open source the quality function of QFD, and docks with the KANO model as the weight of external space design elements of large commercial buildings. And the new method to realize the precision design of the outer space provides a new idea for the existing architectural design and research method system. Before the questionnaire survey on the users of the outer space of the commercial buildings, the paper first draws up a series of users' needs of the outer space of the commercial buildings in the cold region by the methods of literature review, expert interviews, field research and so on. The contents cover the types of activities of the crowd, the scope of the activity site, the organization of pedestrian lines, the setting of parking lots, the design of landscape sketch facilities, the configuration of infrastructure, the relationship between the building interface and the external environment, and so on. The most direct advice for the user to design the outer space. Then, the contents of the survey are classified and sorted out, eliminating the elements unrelated to the design, and thus obtaining 13 main items and 31 sub-items, including commercial area location, accessibility, infrastructure allocation and so on, so as to form the main contents of the questionnaire. Through the survey of the consumers interviewed, the paper summarizes, classifies, sifts and classifies all aspects of the outer space needs of commercial buildings in cold regions, and classifies them according to the levels of necessary demand, expectation demand and charm demand. According to the research results, the content of the outer space optimization of commercial buildings in cold region is divided into urban open optimization, accessibility optimization, urban optimization, climate adaptability optimization and particularity optimization, etc. According to their existing problems, their own characteristics and the actual needs of users, this paper puts forward the optimization measures and strategies for each part. With the help of KANO-QFD integrated model to evaluate the needs of users, the external space design of commercial buildings is connected at the research level, between the design level and the use level. In order to improve the design level of the outer space of the large commercial building in cold area, the goal of enhancing the external space of the large commercial building as the economic benefit, cultural benefit and social benefit of the "city living room" is finally realized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU247

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