中国国家地质公园特征及现状分析

发布时间：2019-03-18 13:01

【摘要】：截至2017年,我国已建立239处国家地质公园(含授予资格),其中35处已被联合国教科文组织收录为世界地质公园。其在加强地质遗迹保护、传播地球知识,带动当地经济可持续发展等方面都具有重要作用。大量学者从不同方面对国家地质公园进行研究,但目前国内缺乏对其整体特征的研究。故本文立足于中国国家地质公园客观实际情况,根据原始文献,探究了国家地质公园的发展渊源,运用搜集数据、实地考察、查阅文献、定量分析等方法,从地质遗迹类型、公园规模等方面分析中国国家地质公园的整体特征,并追本溯源地从地质背景、人为因素等方面探究特征成因,结合中国国家地质公园发展现状,对其未来远景进行前瞻性分析。通过上述研究,本文得出如下结论:(1)依据最新标准和最新数据资料,对中国239家国家地质公园的类型进行了重新定义及划分。其中,以地质(体、层)剖面为主的公园有27家、地质构造类14家、古生物类40家、矿物、矿床类1家、地貌类211家、水体景观类20家、环境地质遗迹类8家。太平洋、印度洋板块对亚欧板块的俯冲运动对中国地质遗迹形成起决定作用,区域地质活动、地质事件和人类活动等起重要影响作用;(2)中国国家地质公园空间分布特色是“分布不均且高度集中”、申报特色是“政府主导”、管理经营特色则是多为企业外包。对比美国国家公园,中国国家地质公园管理分散,更缺少强有力的财政支持和法律支撑,致使美国国家公园管理模式不适于中国国家地质公园;(3)当前中国国家地质公园发展中主要的问题是:增长过快、专业人才匮乏、跨系统管理和跨区域管理。建议中国国家地质公园应积极响应世界地质公园建设要求,结合中国国情建立起“政府主导”和“社区共识”相结合的上下联动模式,加强地学科普建设。
[Abstract]:By 2017, 239 national geological parks (including qualifications) have been established in China, of which 35 have been listed as World Geopark by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It plays an important role in strengthening the protection of geological relics, spreading the knowledge of the earth and promoting the sustainable development of local economy. A large number of scholars have studied the national geological parks from different aspects, but at present there is a lack of research on the overall characteristics of the national geological parks in China. Therefore, based on the objective reality of China's National Geopark, according to the original documents, this paper probes into the origin of the development of the National Geopark, uses the methods of collecting data, on-the-spot investigation, consulting documents, quantitative analysis, and so on, from the types of geological relics. This paper analyzes the overall characteristics of China's National Geopark from the aspects of park size and so on, and probes into the origin of the characteristics from the aspects of geological background and man-made factors, combining with the present situation of the development of China's National Geopark. Forward-looking analysis of its future prospects. Based on the above research, this paper draws the following conclusions: (1) according to the latest standards and the latest data, the types of 239 national geological parks in China are redefined and classified. Among them, there are 27 parks, 14 geological tectonics, 40 palaeontology, 1 mineral, mineral deposit, 211 geomorphology, 20 water landscape and 8 environmental geological relics. The subduction of the Pacific and Indian Ocean plates to the Asia-Europe plate plays a decisive role in the formation of geological relics in China, and regional geological activities, geological events and human activities play an important role. (2) the spatial distribution of China's National Geopark is characterized by "uneven distribution and highly concentrated distribution", "government-led" reporting characteristics, and most of the characteristics of management and management are outsourced by enterprises. Compared with the United States National Park, China's National Geopark management is decentralized, and the lack of strong financial support and legal support, resulting in the United States National Park Management Model is not suitable for China's National Geopark; (3) the main problems in the development of China's National Geopark are: rapid growth, lack of professionals, cross-system management and cross-regional management. It is suggested that China's National Geopark should actively respond to the requirements of the construction of the World Geopark, establish a linkage model of "government-led" and "community consensus" in combination with China's national conditions, and strengthen the construction of geoscience popularization.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P942

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