广西里骆林场森林景观格局分析与经营对策研究

发布时间：2019-04-11 19:22

【摘要】：为了了解里骆林场森林景观格局现状,科学指导林场森林经营与管理,本文以SPOT5遥感影像,以及野外调查资料为数据源,在遥感、地理信息系统及FRAGSTATS等软件的支持下,应用景观空间格局理论和方法,对广西里骆林场进行了森林景观分类。利用斑块大小、多样性指数、形状指数、优势度、分维数、破碎度等指标分析了里骆林场森林景观格局的现状,并分析森林景观随地形分异特征,针对存在的问题对林场景观经营提出对策。主要研究结果如下：①在利用地面调查数据和SPOT5遥感影像的基础上,利用遥感分类技术及森林景观类型划分的标准和依据,将里骆林场森林景观划分为7类景观要素,分别为杉木林、阔叶林、松树林、竹林、灌木林、其他林地和非林地。构成森林景观的主体为杉木林、阔叶林和灌木林,其中杉木林的斑块面积、斑块数和周长在整个景观组分中占有显著地位。阔叶林林斑块密度比值很大,为3.0508,景观破碎化程度比较高,景观异质性较强,受人为干扰严重。竹林的景观破碎度较低,说明受人类活动干扰小。灌木林的形状指数和分维数较低,景观形状比较规则单一,这是由于灌木林种国家特别规定灌木林地(经济林)占主导地位,受到人类有意识的干扰作用,使得景观破碎化程度降低。研究区总体景观异质性较强,香农多样性指数为(SHDI)为1.3501,香农均匀度指数(SHEI)为0.6938,景观优势度为0.5872,说明里骆林场景观类型丰富度较低,多样性不高,各景观类型所占比例差别大,存在一定的优势类型。②里骆林场景观格局随地形分异特征明显。森林景观类型随着高程的变化,呈现出明显的垂直分异。200m以下和900m以上各种森林景观类型都比较少,主要分布在400m-800m区间,占总面积的近75%,林区相对高差1001.5米。坡度分异也反映林场坡度较为陡峭,林区存在着较多的高山、悬崖、深谷。在20。-25°区间坡度级出现最大峰值,林场森林景观类型多分布在15。-35。区间,占总面积近70%；坡向分异相比较前两个地形因素而言则表现为均匀分布,坡向差异不明显,因林场两边山体呈对称分布造成。林场主要森林景观类型占各自总面积的比例随海拔带上升的分布曲线均为单一峰值。③本文结合里骆林场景观格局现状,以景观生态学理论为指导,依据景观经营与管理的主要理论依据,从景观的水平结构优化、景观的破碎化与多样性管理等方面提出相应的对策与方法。林场景观格局优化遵循自然优先,因地制宜以达到生态、社会和经济效益综合最大化的基本原则。针对林分结构优化提出了“裁针保阔增混”的方法以增强森林景观的稳定性；阔叶林、杉木林作为森林的优势景观,斑块破碎化程度较高,通过构建生态走廊的方法能有效降低景观的破碎化程度；里骆林场森林景观多样性指数为1.35,多样性不高,物种丰富度较低,这与杉木人工林占景观面积的绝大部分密不可分,因此合理规划人工林是增强景观多样性的关键。
[Abstract]:In ord to understand that present situation of the forest landscape pattern in the central forest farm, and to guide the forest management and management of the forest farm, this paper, by using the SPOT5 remote sensing image and the field survey data as the data source, applies the landscape space pattern theory and method under the support of the software such as remote sensing, GIS and FRAGATS. The forest landscape classification was carried out in the forest farm in the county of Guangxi. The present situation of forest landscape pattern in the forest farm is analyzed by using the indexes such as patch size, diversity index, shape index, dominance, fractal dimension and fragmentation degree. The main research results are as follows: On the basis of the ground survey data and the SPOT5 remote sensing image, the forest landscape is divided into seven types of landscape elements by using the remote sensing classification technology and the forest landscape type classification, which are the Chinese fir forest, the broad-leaved forest and the pine forest, respectively. Bamboo forest, deciduous forest, other forest land and non-forest land. The main body of the forest landscape is the Chinese fir forest, the broad-leaved forest and the deciduous forest, in which the patch area, the plaque number and the circumference of the Chinese fir forest have a prominent place in the whole landscape component. The density ratio of the forest patch in the broad-leaved forest is very large, it is 3.0508, the degree of landscape fragmentation is high, the landscape heterogeneity is strong, and the artificial interference is serious. The landscape fragmentation of the bamboo forest is low, which indicates that the interference of the human activity is small. The shape index and fractal dimension of the forest are lower, and the shape of the landscape is relatively simple. This is because of the dominant position of the forest land (economic forest) in the forest-type countries, and is subject to the human's conscious interference, so that the degree of fragmentation of the landscape is reduced. The overall landscape heterogeneity of the study area is strong, the Shannon diversity index (SHI) is 1.3501, the Shannon uniformity index (SHEI) is 0.6938, and the landscape dominance is 0.5872, which indicates that the landscape type of the Rili Forest Farm is low, the diversity is not high, the proportion of each landscape type is large, There is a certain advantage type. The landscape pattern of the forest farm is obvious with the characteristics of the terrain. With the change of the elevation, the type of forest landscape presents a clear vertical differentiation. The types of forest landscape with less than 200m and more than 900m are less, mainly distributed in the area of 400m-800m, accounting for nearly 75% of the total area, and the relative height difference of the forest area is 1001.5m. The slope differentiation also reflects the steep slope of the forest farm, and there are more mountains, cliffs and deep valleys in the forest area. The maximum peak in the 20-25 掳 section slope stage, and the forest landscape type of the forest farm is more than 15-35. The interval, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total area, is evenly distributed in the first two topographic factors before the slope is divided out of phase, and the difference between the slope and the slope is not obvious, which is caused by the symmetrical distribution of the mountains on both sides of the forest farm. The main forest landscape types of the forest farm account for the proportion of the total area and the distribution curve with the rise of the altitude belt is a single peak. In the light of the present situation of the landscape pattern of the Rili Forest Farm, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures and methods from the aspects of the horizontal structure optimization of the landscape, the fragmentation of the landscape and the management of the diversity according to the main theoretical basis of the landscape management and management. The optimization of the landscape pattern of the forest farm is based on the natural priority, and the basic principle of the comprehensive maximization of the ecological, social and economic benefits is achieved according to the local conditions. The "cutting the needle and protecting the skin and increasing the mixing ratio" method is put forward to improve the stability of forest landscape for stand structure optimization, and the forest and Chinese fir forest are the dominant landscape of the forest, and the degree of fragmentation of the plaque is high. The forest landscape diversity index of the Rili Forest Farm is 1.35, the diversity is not high, the species richness is low, which is closely related to the large part of the landscape area of the Chinese fir plantation, so the rational planning of the artificial forest is the key to enhance the landscape diversity.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.5;S750

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